Since the publication of the original paper on power system stability definitions in 2004, the dynamic behavior of power systems has gradually changed due to the increasing penetration of converter ...interfaced generation technologies, loads, and transmission devices. In recognition of this change, a Task Force was established in 2016 to re-examine and extend, where appropriate, the classic definitions and classifications of the basic stability terms to incorporate the effects of fast-response power electronic devices. This paper based on an IEEE PES report summarizes the major results of the work of the Task Force and presents extended definitions and classification of power system stability.
In this paper we investigate connected cruise control in which vehicles rely on ad hoc wireless vehicle-to-vehicle communication to control their longitudinal motion. Intermittencies and packet drops ...in communication channels are shown to introduce stochastic delays in the feedback loops. Sufficient conditions for almost sure stability of equilibria are derived by analyzing the mean and covariance dynamics. In addition, the concept of nσ string stability is proposed to characterize the input-output response in steady state. The stability results are summarized using stability charts in the plane of the control gains and we demonstrate that the stable regimes shrink when the sampling time or the packet drop ratio increases. The mathematical tools developed allow us to design controllers that can achieve plant stability and string stability in connected vehicle systems despite the presence of stochastically varying delays in the control loop.
This paper investigates the impact of: 1) the Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) and Dynamic Voltage Support (DVS) capability; 2) the active current recovery rate; 3) the local voltage control; and 4) ...the plant-level voltage control of large-scale PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems on Short-Term (ST) voltage stability and Fault-Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR). Moreover, the influence on transient and frequency stability is studied briefly. To evaluate FIDVR, a novel metric, the so-called Voltage Recovery Index (VRI), is defined. The studies are performed with the WECC generic PV system model on an IEEE voltage stability test system, namely the Nordic test system. The results show that without LVRT capability the system is ST voltage and transient unstable. Only the LVRT and DVS capability help to avoid ST voltage and transient instability. Considering voltage and frequency dynamics, an active current recovery rate of 100%/s shows the best performance. To further enhance voltage dynamics, plant-level voltage control together with local coordinated reactive power/voltage control should be applied. Moreover, the VRI provides useful information about the FIDVR and helps to compare different ST voltage controls.
With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, power system operation has to be adapted to ensure the system stability and security while considering the distinguished feature of the ...Inverter-Based Generator (IBG) interfaced generators. The static voltage stability which is mainly compromised by heavy loading conditions in conventional power systems, faces new challenges due to the large scale integration of IBG units. This paper investigates the static voltage stability problem in high IBG-penetrated system. The analytic criterion that ensures the voltage stability at the IBG buses are derived with the interaction of different IBGs being considered. Based on this, an optimal system scheduling model is proposed to minimize the overall system operation cost while maintaining the voltage stability during normal operation through dynamically optimizing the active and reactive power output from IBGs. The highly nonlinear voltage stability constraints are effectively converted into Second-Order Cone (SOC) form, leading to an overall Mixed-Integer SOC Programming (MISOCP), together with the SOC reformulation of AC power flow and frequency constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed model and the impact of various factors on voltage stability are demonstrated in thorough case studies.
Attributed to the ability of inertia provision and good regulation performance, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been proven as a promising solution to the problems introduced by using ...converter interfaced generation. Although the small-signal stability control of the VSG has been widely analyzed, the transient characteristics still needs more study, which belongs to a large-signal problem. In this article, the transient angle stability control of the VSG is investigated. Two possible VSG emulation methods, i.e., the power-emulation and the torque-emulation, are compared from the perspective of transient characteristics. Then, the transient of the VSG internal voltage and its impact on the transient angle stability are quantitatively studied in details. Thereafter, an enhanced VSG controller is proposed, where a large-signal analysis is also presented to evaluate its influence on the acceleration and deceleration areas. Finally, the analysis and effectiveness of the enhanced VSG method are validated by the experimental results.
In the modern power grid, distributed generators are widely connected to the grid via voltage source converters (VSCs). Analyzing the transient stability of VSCs under large disturbances is useful ...for maintaining the security of the grid. However, this topic is very little studied. In this paper, the transient stability behavior of the droop-controlled VSC is theoretically explained. In particular, it is shown that transient instability can occur to the droop-controlled VSC when its current is saturated under large disturbances. In addition, the dynamics of the VSC under voltage sags that could incur instability problem is elaborately studied to consider special non-fault disturbances. To deal with this instability problem, a stability enhanced P-f droop control is proposed. Simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments verify the validity of the transient stability analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
In terms of machine learning-based power system dynamic stability assessment, it is feasible to collect learning data from massive synchrophasor measurements in practice. However, the fact that ...instability events rarely occur would lead to a challenging class imbalance problem. Besides, short-term feature extraction from scarce instability seems extremely difficult for conventional learning machines. Faced with such a dilemma, this paper develops a systematic imbalance learning machine for online short-term voltage stability assessment. A powerful time series shapelet (discriminative subsequence) classification method is embedded into the machine for sequential transient feature mining. A forecasting-based nonlinear synthetic minority oversampling technique is proposed to mitigate the distortion of class distribution. Cost-sensitive learning is employed to intensify bias toward those scarce yet valuable unstable cases. Furthermore, an incremental learning strategy is put forward for online monitoring, contributing to adaptability and reliability enhancement along with time. Simulation results on the Nordic test system illustrate the high performance of the proposed learning machine and of the assessment scheme.
This paper investigates the transient stability of power systems co-dominated by different types of grid-forming (GFM) devices. Synchronous generators (SGs and VSGs) and droop-controlled inverters ...are typical GFM devices in modern power systems. SGs/VSGs are able to provide inertia while droop-controlled inverters are generally inertialess. The transient stability of power systems dominated by homogeneous GFM devices has been extensively studied. Regarding the hybrid system jointly dominated by heterogeneous GFM devices, the transient stability is rarely reported. This paper aims to fill this gap. It is found that the synchronization behavior of the hybrid system can be described by a second-order motion equation, resembling the swing equation of SGs. Moreover, two significant differences from conventional power systems are discovered. The first is that the droop control dramatically enhances the damping effect, greatly affecting the transient stability region. The second is that the frequency state variable exhibits a jump at the moment of fault disturbances, thus impacting the post-fault initial-state location and stability assessment. The underlying mechanism behind the two new characteristics is clarified and the impact on the transient stability performance is analyzed and verified. The findings provide new insights into transient stability of power systems hosting heterogeneous devices.
Voltage stability remains a main challenge for high renewable penetrated power systems. In future power systems, the dispatch needs to consider the voltage stability margin. However, considering ...static and transient voltage stability is challenging because a complex relationship exists between voltage stability and operation state variables. This paper proposes an ensemble sparse oblique regression tree method for voltage stability constrained operation optimization. First, we train multiple oblique regression trees on voltage stability simulation datasets. The trained trees are then grouped into ensemble using a boosting method to extract accurate and understandable voltage stability rules. Finally, the rules are embedded as mixed-integer linear programming constraints in a linear optimal power flow model. Validation on the IEEE-14 case shows the interpretability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Case studies on the Qinghai power grid and IEEE-118 further show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the voltage stability margin of optimized operation states.
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