Očekuje se da moderna terapija tumora djeluje ciljano i sveobuhvatno. U novim kliničkim ispitivanjima terapije raka primjenjuju se mali molekularni inhibitori transkripcije ribosomalnih gena i ...aktivatori apoptoze. Model terapije prikazan ovdje je aktivacija supresora tumora koji djeluju u domeni jezgrice. Stanice tumora pokazuju poremećaj regulacije proteina i mutaciju P53 gena koji suprimira rast. Razvoj bolesti definira terapiju. Moderna se definicija bolesti temelji na etiopatogenezi staničnog stresa u kojem sudjeluju brojne organele, uključujući jezgricu. Jezgra i jezgrica su mikroskopski oblici. Ovaj prikaz daje sažet opis onoga što se vidi kada se kaže „jezgrica”. Nadalje su opisani kiseli nehistonski proteini koji se okupljaju oko transkripcijskog ustroja RNK polimeraze I te je istaknut značaj njihove vizualizacije za promjenu definicije jezgrice. Osim što je tjelešce u nukleoplazmi i subnuklearna organela, jezgrica se može vizualizirati pomoću njezinih funkcionalnih struktura – AgNOR-a. AgNOR proteini imaju ulogu u nukleolarnom stresu. Svrha ovoga teksta je raspraviti nukleolarni stres.
While the exact relevance of the oxidative stress markers after the complex processes of alcohol withdrawal is still controversial, in the present report we were interested in studying the relevance ...of oxidative stress status in the alcohol withdrawal processes, by determining some oxidative stress markers after 3, 6 and 12 months of abstinence. 62 patients were selected, all of them males. Thus, 33 (baseline), 14 (3 months), 14 (6 months) and 15 (12 months) patients, while the control group (n=32) included healthy, sex and aged-matched subjects. Regarding superoxid dismutase, we observed a significant group difference (p<0.0001), together with an increase in all 3 cases of time-abstinence, as compared to baseline results: (p<0.0001-3 months), (p<0.0001-6 months) and (p<0.0001- 12 months). Also for glutathione peroxidase, we observed a significant overall effect of the abstinence in our groups (p=0.0003), plus an increase especially at 6 months (p=0.03) and 12 months (p=0.006). Regarding malondialdehyde, as a main marker for the lipid peroxidation processes, we found significant differences between our groups (p<0.0001), together with a decrease in all 3 cases, compared to the baseline group (p=0.003), (p=0.01) and (p=0.0002). In conclusion, this confirms the increased oxidative stress status in alcoholic patients and even more importantly, we showed that there is a significant and progressive decrease in the oxidative stress status at 3, 6 and 12 months after the withdrawal process, as demonstrated by the increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and decreased rate of lipid peroxidation, when compared to baseline values.
În prezentul articol am fost interesaţi să studiem relevanţa stresului oxidativ în cadrul proceselor legate de abstinenţa de la alcool, având în vedere în special faptul că literatura de specialitate este extrem de controversată în acest domeniu de cercetare. Astfel, am determinat nivelul unor markeri specifici ai stresului oxidativ la pacienţii selectaţi după 3, 6 şi 12 luni de abstinenţă de la alcool. 62 de pacienţi de sex masculin au fost selectaţi pentru studiu. În cadrul studiului s-au prezentat 33 de pacienţi pentru determinările bazale, 14 pacienţi la 3 luni, 14 pacienţi la 6 luni şi 15 pacienţi la 12 luni de abstinenţa de la alcool, în timp ce lotul control a inclus 32 de persoane sănătoase, potrivite ca vârstă si sex-ratio cu celelalte grupuri de studiu. Astfel, în ceea ce priveşte rezultatele, în cazul superoxid dismutazei (SOD) am observat o diferenţă semnificativă între cele trei loturi de studiu (p<0.0001), precum şi o creştere semnificativă din punct de vedere statistic a valorilor SOD la pacienţii aflaţi la 3 luni (p<0.0001), 6 luni (p<0.0001) şi respectiv 12 luni (p<0.0001) de abstinenţa de la alcool, faţă de determinările bazale. De asemenea, în cazul glutation peroxidazei, am observat o diferenţă semnificativă din punct de vedere statistic între grupuri (p=0.0003), plus creşteri importante la 6 luni (p=0.03) şi 12 luni (p=0.006), faţă de determinările bazale. În ceea ce priveşte malondialdehida (MDA), ca şi principal marker al proceselor de peroxidare lipidică, am putut observa de asemenea diferenţe semnificative între grupurile de studiu (p<0.0001). Mai mult, în cazul tuturor celor 3 grupe de pacienţi s-au putut observa scăderi semnificative ale concentraţiei de MDA, în comparaţie cu determinările bazale (p=0.003 pentru 3 luni, p=0.01 pentru 6 luni şi p=0.0002 pentru 12 luni). În concluzie, aceste date confirmă un stress oxidativ crescut la pacienţii consumatori cronici de alcool şi, mai important decât atât, demonstrează o scădere semnificativă şi progresivă a statusului stresului oxidativ la 3, 6 şi 12 luni de abstinenţa de la alcool, aşa cum am putut observa din creşterea progresivă a activităţii specifice a enzimelor antioxidante determinate şi scăderea nivelelor de peroxidare lipidică.
Abiotic stress cause changes in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum and is responsible for reduced yield in several major crops. Therefore, the subject of abiotic stress response in plants - metabolism, ...productivity and sustainability - is gaining considerable significance in the contemporary world. Abiotic stress is an integral part of 'climate change', a complex phenomenon with a wide range of unpredictable impacts on the environment. Prolonged exposure to these abiotic stresses results in altered metabolism and damage to biomolecules. Plants evolve defense mechanisms to tolerate these stresses by upregulation of osmolytes, osmoprotectants, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, etc. This volume deals with abiotic stress-induced morphological and anatomical changes, abberations in metabolism, strategies and approaches to increase salt tolerance, managing the drought stress, sustainable fruit production and postharvest stress treatments, role of glutathione reductase, flavonoids as antioxidants in plants, the role of salicylic acid and trehalose in plants, stress-induced flowering. The role of soil organic matter in mineral nutrition and fatty acid profile in response to heavy metal stress are also dealt with. Proteomic markers for oxidative stress as a new tools for reactive oxygen species and photosynthesis research, abscisic acid signaling in plants are covered with chosen examples. Stress responsive genes and gene products including expressed proteins that are implicated in conferring tolerance to the plant are presented. Thus, this volume would provides the reader with a wide spectrum of information including key references and with a large number of illustrations and tables. Dr. Parvaiz is Assistant Professor in Botany at A.S. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. He has completed his post-graduation in Botany in 2000 from Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India. After his Ph.D from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India in 2007 he joined the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi. He has published more than 20 research papers in peer reviewed journals and 4 book chapters. He has also edited a volume which is in press with Studium Press Pvt. India Ltd., New Delhi, India. Dr. Parvaiz is actively engaged in studying the molecular and physio-biochemical responses of different plants (mulberry, pea, Indian mustard) under environmental stress. Prof. M.N.V. Prasad is a Professor in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Hyderabad, India. He received B.Sc. (1973) and M.Sc. (1975) degrees from Andhra University, India, and the Ph.D. degree (1979) in botany from the University of Lucknow, India. Prasad has published 216 articles in peer reviewed journals and 82 book chapters and conference proceedings in the broad area of environmental botany and heavy metal stress in plants. He is the author, co-author, editor, or co-editor for eight books. He is the recipient of Pitamber Pant National Environment Fellowship of 2007 awarded by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
Kejadian stres pada pelbagai kelompok di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan belum banyak diketahui determinannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan stres pada pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan ...Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada tahun 2013 terhadap 230 pegawai sekretariat jenderal yang dipilih secara acak. Analisis statistik menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Responden dikatakan stres jika memiliki skor 28 atau lebih dengan menggunakan 17 pertanyaan terkait personal stress inventory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stres sebesar 79% dan determinan stres adalah obesitas, usia, jabatan, suku, pendidikan, dan aktivitas fisik. Risiko stres lebih tinggi pada pegawai yang obesitas (ORadj = 1,9), pegawai berusia di bawah 40 tahun (ORadj = 2,1), suku Sunda (ORadj = 3,1), menduduki jabatan struktural (ORadj = 2,3), pegawai yang berpendidikan SMA atau D3 (ORadj = 2,8), dan pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik (ORadj = 8,2). Disimpulkan bahwa determinan stres sangat bergantung pada beban kerja dan karakteristik individu, risiko stres sangat tinggi terdapat pada pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik. Disarankan agar Kemenkes melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang hidup sehat dan pencegahan stres kepada seluruh pegawai, melakukan rekreasi bersama secara berkala, melaksanakan olahraga rutin setiap hari Jumat pagi di pusat kebugaran Kemenkes untuk menurunkan obesitas dan stres. Determinants of Stress among Civil Servants at Health Ministry of IndonesiaThe prevalence of stress on various groups in Indonesia is quite high and has not been known their determinants. This study aimed to find out determinants of stress among civil servants at the Health Ministry of Republic of Indonesia. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 toward 230 secretariat general civil servants selected randomly. Analysis of statistic used multiple logistic regression. Respondents were considered stress if they got score 28 or more by using 17 questions personal stress inventory. Results showed that prevalence of stress related to and determinants of stress were obesity, age, position, tribe, education and physical activity was worth 79%. The risk of stress was higher among obese civil servants (ORadj = 1.9), age under 40 years old (ORadj = 2.1), tribe Sundanese (ORadj = 3.1), structural positions (ORadj = 2.0), senior high school or vocation level (ORadj = 2.8), women with lack of physical activity (ORadj = 8.2). To sum up, determinants of stress very depended on work loads and individual characteristics, the highest risk of stress among women who lack of physical activity. The Health Ministry should promote health public concerning healthy lifestyle and prevention of stress to all civil servants, periodically holding recreation together, conducting regular exercise on Friday morning in order to reduce obesity and stress.
Abstract Chitin is the main structural component of fungal cells and of the exoskeletons of insects. Plant and bacterial cells are equipped with chitinases, enzymes that break down chitin. Chitinases ...participate in many interactions between organisms, including symbiosis and antagonism. These interactions are significant drivers of many ecosystem functions and are important for the health of plants and animals. Additionally, due to the common occupation of habitat, fungi and bacteria engage in complex interactions that lead to critical changes in the behavior of microorganisms like endosymbiotic bacteria of mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, chitinases are of interest in environmental science, medicine and biotechnology. The present review describes the role of plant and bacterial chitinases in mutual interactions. 1. Introduction. 2. Differentiation of chitinases. 3. Chitinases in interactions with the environment. 3.1. Plant chitinases in interactions with microorganisms. 3.2. Bacterial chitinases in interactions with other microorganisms. 4. Practical application of chitinases. 5. Summary
Günümüzde kullanılan birçok terapötik ilaç kaynağını şifalı bitkilere borçludur. Her bitkinin kendine özgü aktivitesi ve biyokimyasal profili vardır. Bu çalışmada günlük hayatta oldukça iyi bilinen ...üç farklı bitki türü; Helianthus tuberosus, Zingiber officinale ve Raphanus sativus var. niger kullanıldı. İlk defa yapılan bu çalışmada antioksidan aktivite tayini sınırlı olan üç farklı bitki seçilmiş ve aktioksidan kapasiteleri karşılaştırılmıştır. H. tuberosus, Z. officinale ve R. sativus var. niger bitkilerinin gövde kısımları %1.15 potasyum klor ile homojenize edilerek ekstraklar hazırlandı. Daha sonra antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ile oksidatif stres belirteci olan malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle saptandı. Araştırma sonucunda en yüksek SOD enzim aktivitesi R. sativus var. niger bitkisinde görülürken, en yüksek CAT enzim aktivitesi ise Z. officinale bitkisinde gözlendi. Öte yandan yer elması bitki ekstraktında MDA düzeyi en yüksek iken, en düşük MDA düzeyi ise Z. officinale bitkisinde gözlenmiştir.
Prisoners experience stress during detention, and this stress must be removed so that the behavior and mentality of prisoners can be quickly restored. Foot massage is one of the non-pharmacological ...therapies in stress management, which makes individuals more relaxed and able to avoid excessive stress reactions such as headaches, insomnia, anxiety, physical and mental fatigue. Magnesium is a mineral that plays an important role in the body's metabolism. Magnesium deficiency can cause migraines, insomnia, leg cramps, anxiety, arrhythmias, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Foot massage with magnesium lotion is expected to provide a relaxing effect as well as magnesium intake so that it can overcome the stress experienced by prisoners. This study aims to determine the effect of foot massage magnesium lotion on the stress level of female prisoners. The research method is a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach on 120 female prisoners by comparing stress levels before and after doing foot massage with magnesium lotion for 14 days. Foot massage with magnesium lotion is done independently. Based on the results of the study, there was a significant difference between stress levels before and after the intervention, there was no significant difference between the stress levels of respondents who had long been detained and those who had just been detained. Multivariate analysis showed that the main factor in stress levels was the sentence period. Foot massage using magnesium lotion is a supporter of reducing stress levels. This therapy should still be done because it helps reduce stress and is carried out independently by prisoners.
SAŽETAK: Cilj rada je izmjeriti stres na radnom mjestu u javnim službama grada Šibenika i utvrditi razlike između pojedinih vrsta javnih službi u svrhu planiranja intervencija protiv stresa u ...pojedinim radnim organizacijama. Ispitano je 90 zaposlenika, 27 članova profesionalne vatrogasne postrojbe, 28 zaposlenika ustanove za skrb i njegu o starijim i nemoćnim osobama te 35 zaposlenika vodovoda i odvodnje. Utvrđivanje psihološkog stresa i radne sposobnosti utvrđeno je pomoću upitnika o stresu na radu – HSE (health and safety executive) i upitnika o indeksu radne sposobnosti – WAI (work ability index). Rezultati pokazuju da zaposlenici staračkog doma doživljavaju svoje radno mjesto kao stresno zbog same prirode posla (težak fizički rad, psihički stres zbog uzemiravanja štićenika, nedostupnost nadređenih, nedovoljna podrška nadređenih i kolega). Profesionalni vatrogasci, suprotno očekivanjima, rijetko svoj posao doživljavaju kao stresan kao i zaposlenici vodovoda. Zaključno se može reći da je moguće utjecati na stres, umanjiti ga ili eliminirati i time smanjiti njegov utjecaj na zdravlje i radnu produktivnost djelujući na sam izvor stresa, na pojedinca ili organizaciju.
SUMMARY: The aim was to measure the stress at the workplace in several public services in the city of Šibenik and to determine the differences in the level of stress for different public services in order to plan stress-fighting strategies in the organizations. The sample included 90 subjects, 27 from professional firefighting squad, 28 from an institution for the care of elderly people, and 35 employees from the local department of waterworks and sewage. The level of psychological stress and work ability was determined using the HSE (health and safety executive) questionnaire testing stress, and the WAI (work ability index) questionnaire. The results indicate that employees at the home for the elderly perceive their work as stressful due to the nature of the work itself (great physical strain, psychological stress caused by inmates, inaccessible superiors, and insufficient support from superiors and colleagues). Surprisingly, professional firefighters rarely perceive their work as stressful, and the same is true of the waterworks and sewage employees. In conclusion, it may be summed up that it is possible to affect the level of stress, reduce or eliminate it and thus reduce its impact on the health and productivity by addressing the very source of stress, i.e. individual or organization.
Abstract
Objective
The Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalytic subunit (G6PC) catalyzes glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to inorganic phosphate and glucose, playing a critical role in endogenous energy ...supply. Here, the
G6PC
gene family was investigated and characterized in common carp (
Cyprinus carpio
).
Methods
Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MEGA5. The HMM profiles, motif structure were analyzed using Pfam and MEME, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the expression profiles.
Results
Four assumptive members of
G6PC
family in common carp whole-genome sequence were identified as
cg6pca.1
,
cg6pca.2a
,
cg6pca.2b
and
cg6pcb
which were classified into
g6pca
and
g6pcb
subtypes, respectively. Evolutionary analysis revealed that
cg6pca.2a
and
cg6pca.2b
have a closer evolutionary relationship, and the same subtype members have higher homology among different species. A classical PAP2-glucose phosphates domain is found in four genes and were highly conserved. The expression patterns revealed that only
cg6pca.2a
elevated significantly after 12 and 24 h of both starvation and cold treatment (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study performed a comprehensive analysis of
G6PC
gene family in common carp. Moreover,
cg6pca.2
may be the major functional gene in cold and fasting stress. And the transfactors, PLAG1 and Sox8, may be concerned with expression regulation of
cg6pca.2
.
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