This paper presents a non-photorealistic rendering technique for stylizing a photograph in the pencil drawing style, which can well preserve the fine structure of the original image. We first ...construct a structure map from the anti-color image of the original image to model the detailed underlying fine structure of the original image, and generate a coarse pencil drawing image with line integral convolution. Then we refine the coarse pencil drawing image with the structure map for enrich the structure information. The presented algorithm is highly parallel allowing a real-time performance with GPU implementation. Experimental results show that our approach can produce more attractive and impressive pencil drawing effects with a variety of photographs.
The kinetic folding of RNA sequences into secondary structures is modeled as a complex adaptive system, the components of which are possible RNA structural rearrangements (SRs) and their associated ...bases and base pairs. RNA bases and base pairs engage in local stacking interactions that determine the probabilities (or fitnesses) of possible SRs. Meanwhile, selection operates at the level of SRs; an autonomous stochastic process periodically (i.e., from one time step to another) selects a subset of possible SRs for realization based on the fitnesses of the SRs. Using examples based on selected natural and synthetic RNAs, the model is shown to reproduce characteristic (nonlinear) RNA folding dynamics such as the attainment by RNAs of alternative stable states. Possible applications of the model to the analysis of properties of fitness landscapes, and of the RNA sequence-to-structure mapping are discussed.
Most of the 402 characteristic Wyckoff positions were analyzed for the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. of lattice complexes with increased self-coordination numbers T
of the i = 1 - 3 shells. The Wyckoff ...letters of standardized inorganic structures with the proper space group number get an additional number 1, 2, 3, etc., if the x, y, z, c/a, cos γ , etc. parameters are close to the parameters of these lattice complexes. The lattice complexes 1, 2, 3, etc. or combinations of several of these complexes are sphere, layer or rod packings. The plate- or needle-like habit of single crystals can frequently be correlated with layered or rod-like packings. Combinations of lattice complexes can be analyzed for attractive or repulsive interactions by structure maps
Close-packed layered compounds such as FexGa2S3+x and NxC3Al4+x (x=0–4) are analyzed as chains of covalent-bonded S=Ga(–S–Fe)x–S–Ga=S or Al≡C(–Al=N)x–Al=C=Al (–N=Al)x″–C≡Al with delocalized bonds. ...The rules for valence compounds allow RM, R(MR)n (n=1,2,3), RMMR, and different combinations and substitutions. The conformation of the chains is characterized by the Jagodzinski–Wyckoff symbols c and h and a similar notation s and t at the occupation of tetrahedral sites. The interactions between the different atoms are analyzed by structure maps with the self-coordination numbers of nearest and next-nearest neighbors as parameters. A similar analysis of 18 different DNA or RNA reveals four different groups within different fields of the structure map similar to solid solutions or nonperiodic polytypes of layered compounds.
Structured discussion showing complicated flow of topics greatly helps us discover and understand the main points. In this paper, we propose a new system which visualizes discussion structure by ...linking the topic segments identified from a minutes of meeting. Based on the structured discussion, we also aim at discovering influential topic segments triggering fruitful discussions by applying Influence Diffusion Model (IBM) The results of questionnaire surveys show that (1) the structured discussion can support user's understanding of discussions instinctively (2) the precision of influential topic segments by IDM is higher than that by in-degree and out-degree measurements.
Glycan resources have been developed of late, such as carbohydrate databases, analysis tools, and algorithms for analysis of carbohydrate features. With this background, bioinformatics approaches to ...carbohydrate research have recently begun using a large amount of protein and carbohydrate data. This paper introduces one of these projects that elucidates the range of carbohydrate structures. In this study, the variety of carbohydrate structures have been enumerated in a global tree structure called variation trees, using the KEGG GLYCAN database, which is a public-domain glycan resource for bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, a glycosyltransferase mapping list of glycosyltransferases and their catalyzing glycosidic linkages was constructed. From this, we present the composite structure map (CSM), which is a structural variation map integrating its variation trees and glycosyltransferase map list. CSM is able to display, for example, expression data of glycosyltransferases in a compact manner, illustrating its versatility as a new bioinformatics resource and tool capable of analyzing carbohydrate structures on a global scale. These resources are available at http://www.genome.jp/kegg/glycan/.
This paper presents a novel image feature representation method, called local texture-based color histogram (LTCH), for content-based image retrieval. The LTCH can describe the color distribution ...under a mask, which is defined as a micro-structure image with a near-uniform texture. The near-uniform texture is exacted by center symmetric local trinary pattern (CS-LTP) and micro-structure map. The CS-LTP is coding on a quantized HSV image, and the micro-structure map is defined with the same as CS-LTP code. The LTCH can be considered as a novel visual attribute descriptor combining local texture, color and spatial layout, without any image segmentation and model training. The proposed LTCH method is evaluated on Corel-1000 database and Corel-5000 database with the standard performance evaluation method, for image retrieval. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a better performance than representative image feature descriptors, such as color difference histogram (CDH), microstructure descriptor (MSD), multi-texton histogram (MTH) and structure elements' descriptor (SED).
The objective of seismic data interpretation is to extract all available subsurface information from the processed seismic data. This includes structure, stratigraphy, subsurface rock properties, ...velocity, stress and perhaps reservoir fluid changes in time and space. This chapter of ‘Seismic Data Analysis Techniques in Hydrocarbon Exploration’ explains seismic interpretation methodology in details. Key interpretation skills covered are well log correlation, synthetic seismogram generation, well-to-seismic tie, time-to-depth conversion, fault interpretation, seismic horizon interpretation and mapping. This chapter ends with generation of time and depth structure maps. All concepts are explained using seismic and well data for easy comprehension and pleasant reading.
The crystal structures of ordered b.c.c. (body‐centered cubic), f.c.c. (face‐centered cubic) or primitive cubic alloys and related NaCl, ZnS or CaF derivative structures are characterized by the ...self‐coordination numbers , of the A atoms with A atoms. Structures with identical and values for all A atoms are at the corners of and structure maps, and can be analyzed for attractive or repulsive interactions of A atoms. Most observed structures are at the borders of the structure map and can be obtained by ∼10 different combinations of structural units. The different combination mechanisms explain e.g. the shear structures of CuAu II or and the occurrence of vacancies in NaCl‐related structures like NbO.
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