After hip-hop increased in popularity in Chinese entertainment programs, different perceptions of hip-hop in China reflected a clash of various thinking patterns among audiences, with hip-hop club ...Triple H on the cusp of controversy. Taking Triple H as a case study, this paper aims to explore how emotional attachments influence the development of Chinese hip-hop clubs in post-subculture. The findings indicated that the brotherhood rooted in hip-hop culture has been reshaped by the hybridity of Chinese hip-hop featuring fraternity mixed with sensitivity, loyalty filled with controversy, and heroism heightened by diversity. This paper argues that the recurring theme of “brotherhood” contributing to the charisma of Chinese hip-hop clubs cannot be partially interpreted as either gangster love or an underground bond, which gives rise to a new approach to the notion of authenticity, with hip-hop interpreted as a distinctive lifestyle.
Polyploids generally show strong environmental adaptation and diverse morphological variations. Therefore, polyploid induction is an important protocol for plant breeding.
Lilium rosthornii
is a wild ...lily species with high horticultural value and excellent disease resistance. In this study, seeds of
L. rosthornii
were subjected to polyploidy induction treatments to obtain multiple genotypes of tetraploids. Germinated seeds were immersed in two antimitotic agents at different concentrations for various times. In total, 199 tetraploid genotypes were obtained. The most efficient treatments of each agent were immersed in 0.05% colchicine for 36 h and in 0.01% oryzalin for 24 h; the induction rate of the former (27.78%) was significantly higher than that of the latter (22.22%). The swollen hypocotyl phenotype after colchicine and oryzalin treatments was strongly correlated with tetraploidy (0.989** and 0.975**, respectively), suggesting that this phenotype could serve as an early ploidy selection trait. The correlations were weaker between stomata length/density and tetraploidy (0.773** and 0.695**, respectively), implying that stomatal characters are affected by both the ploidy level and genotype. After several rounds subculture in vitro, the morphology and growth traits were not significantly different between diploids and tetraploids, but there were wider variations in these parameters in tetraploids than in diploids. After transplanting, the bulblet germination rate was higher in tetraploids than in diploids. The leaf phenotype did not differ between tetraploids and diploids initially, but the leaves of tetraploids became larger than those of diploids over time. Together, these suggest that tetraploids, may contribute diverse characteristics to lily breeding.
Key message
Multiple genotypes of tetraploid
Lilium rosthornii
were induced by colchicine and oryzalin. Swollen hypocotyl was associated with polyploidy. Compared with diploids, tetraploids showed wider variations in morphological parameters.
Identifying a suscessul plant propagation method is very important to preserve wild plants as a genetic source. Hence, plant cells are driven by types and concentrations of plant growth regulators to ...produce in vitro callus mass to synthesize bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study is to induce callus from red ginger and to evaluate its suitability as a biofactory in terms of histology, phytochemical content and antioxidant potential. This is the first study to provide concrete evidence for the use of picloram for red ginger,
Zingiber officinale
var.
rubrum
. In this work, effect of different concentrations of auxinic picloram herbicide (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L) was evaluated on the callus induction of Zingiber officinale var.
rubrum
on various explants (leaf sheath, leaf, root). The induced callus was studied for growth kinetics, anatomical features, antioxidant capacity, and phytochemical content. The highest callogenesis frequency (93.75%) and biomass accumulation (3.68 g) were observed on leaf sheath explant cultured on ½ strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 8 mg/L which also requires earlier subculture duration (45 days post-inoculation) in comparison to lower concentrations. Morphological investigation through histological procedure demonstrated friable and non-embryogenic characteristics of the primary and subcultured callus which are used for secondary metabolite production. Cultivated leaf sheath (CLS) methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic (191.26 mg GAE/g dry extract) and flavonoid (4.54 mg QE/g dry extract) contents contributing to antioxidant activity with an estimated EC50 of 0.208 mg/mL. Although comparatively lower than CLS extract, callus extracts showed higher antioxidant activity and significantly lower EC50 values than in vitro leaf sheath extract (IVLS extract). 4 H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, phenol, and phenolic glucoside were only present in callus cultures while methyl esters, fatty acids, and phytosterols could be obtained from leaf sheath and callus extracts. Notably beta-sitosterol was the highest in callus extracts while stigmasterol was only available in IVLS extracts. These phytosterols also responsible for synergistic antioxidant activity exhibited by callus extracts and IVLS, respectively. In conclusion, the callus culture of
Z. officinale
var.
rubrum
has been proven by the histological and phytochemical studies as a potential renewable source of bioactive phytochemical compounds. In the future, it can be employed for biotechnological practices such as elicitor-induced accumulation of secondary metabolites and genetic modification.
Graphical abstract
Key message
Picloram enhanced the callus induction, growth kinetics, antioxidant potentials and secondary metabolites production of
Zingiber officinale
var.
rubrum
callus cultures.
A BSTRACT Aim: The aim of this research was to identify the antimicrobial effectiveness of three different mouthwashes on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and Methods: 2 periodontal ...disease-causing microorganisms, i.e., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , and Porphyromonas gingivalis , were chosen for this investigation. Prior to commencing this research, a variety of branded and commercially obtainable mouthwashes were procured. Three oral rinses, namely HiOra, Hexidine, and Amflor, were chosen for the current research. The subculture of A. actinomycetemcomitans as well as P. gingivalis was performed by subjecting them to incubation for 48 to 72 hours at 35–37°C. The disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the extract in opposition to the pathogens tested. The zone of inhibition was calculated in millimeters. The mean value of every sample was documented. Results: Hexidine oral rinse in pursuit by Amflor as well as HiOra oral rinse exhibited the highest zone of inhibition in opposition to A . Actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis . The differences amid the groups were statistically significant with a P value < 0.001. Conclusion: The current research concluded that amid the three different oral rinses employed in the current research, Hexidine oral rinse exhibited greatest antimicrobial effectiveness versus Amflor and HiOra mouthrinse.
In vitro raised plantlets were obtained from nodal tissue through direct organogenesis and they served as donor plants for the collection of leaf explants. Leaf explants were inoculated on Murashige ...and Skoog’s medium with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Hundred percent callogenesis was observed on medium supplemented with 5 mg l
−1
2,4-D. For the multiplication of cells (proliferation), calli were transferred to either basal medium or media containing different types and concentrations of cytokinins. Proliferation was observed maximum on media containing 0.5 mg l
−1
BAP or 1.0 mg l
−1
BAP. Shoot differentiation from calli took place on media supplemented with BAP in combinations with TDZ or ZN. Initiation of organogenesis was observed in calli within two weeks of their subculture on differentiation medium. Shoot differentiation was maximum, when calli proliferated on medium having 1 mg l
−1
BAP were transferred to the medium containing 1 mg l
−1
BAP and 0.5 mg l
−1
TDZ. Organogenic responses after four weeks of subculture on above differentiation medium were as such: number of shoots per explants (25.33 ± 0.88), number of shoots per calli replicate (3.67 ± 0.33) and maximum shoot length (3.43 ± 0.20 cm). Medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l
−1
NAA was most responsive for rooting of shoots (54.16 ± 1.39%). About 62.5% plantlets survived after hardening and 54.17% plantlets got acclimatized. All acclimatized plants were transferred to field condition successfully. Formation of unipolar shoots and their multicellular attachment with callus were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To confirm the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants, five micropropagated plants derived from different leaf explants and two mother plants (randomly selected from micropropagated plants raised from nodal explants) were subjected to molecular analysis. The genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated plants was assessed by using SCoT and ISSR molecular markers. 12.5% polymorphism was reported in both studies, which may be due to callus mediated regeneration of shoots.
Key message
Indirect organogenesis from leaf tissues of
Spondias pinnata
can be used both for conservation as well as the improvement of plants.
Professional research and development (R&D) organizations typically employ highly educated professionals to work on a range of creative, intellectual projects in their chosen fields. In these ...organizations, organizational culture and subculture are critical factors connected with project success. This paper explores the existence of subcultures and the factors that contribute to subcultures within a professional R&D organization, and examines subcultural effects on the job satisfaction of R&D professionals to suggest a suitable cultural type for professional R&D organizations. Autonomy and group cohesion are considered, so grid–group theory is applied to measure R&D culture. The subjects were 285 full-time researchers who had worked at the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, an international IT institution, for over 5 years. Differences were found in organizational culture according to the research fields and types (applied and developmental research). The egalitarian culture type (low grid, high group) is found to be suitable for improving job satisfaction in R&D organizations.
This Open-Access-book utilises Hipsterism to demonstrate modes of identity, collectivity, conceptions and a whole spectrum of activities with varying degrees of commitment in contemporary society. ...Analysed through the lens of Modernity, Consumerism, and the New Spirit of Capitalism, it draws on qualitative research from two subsequent field stays in Berlin and is complemented by self-reflexion within the field. Young adults and their conceptions within modernity, capitalism and consumerism constitute a fundamental building block to understanding society. Little sociological work has been done in the field of Hipsterism, although it can function as a paradigm for western, affluent societies. With tools such as conscious consumption, conversations and ethical or creative work within a politically intended lifestyle, Hipsterism emerges as an attempt to navigate between individualism and collectivity. Resulting from these circumstances are a variety of forms of action, while searching for better ways to contribute and engage at the same time. Attempts to dissolve milieus and try to construct spaces where different cultures, classes and ethnicities are welcome might fail in spatial practice, but the practices in sum still leave a trace in (consumer) culture. All these activities hint at the potential of transformative and negotiating power that Hipsterism could have. This is an open access book.
The movement of geguritan (javanese poem) is not just a resistance movement towards the general rule of Javanese literature. It providesnconvenience for the community (in the same subculture) to ...understand Javanese culture easier. This movement refers to the 'whole way of life' or 'maps of meaning' that makes this world understandable by its members. The word 'sub' connotes a specific, unique condition and different than the dominant society. Person who was born in arekan environment or Suroboyoan often encounter difficulties when trying to comprehend Mataraman Javanese. Geguritan is a manifestation of the ideas or creativity generated by penggurit (poet). In Surabaya, a group of geguritan authors is one subculture, that offers a new view, reinterpret the old view, and sometimes even break a single truth that have been taught long enough to Javanese community in Surabaya
Lyme disease is the most common vector borne-disease in the United States (US). While the majority of the Lyme disease patients can be cured with 2⁻4 weeks antibiotic treatment, about 10⁻20% of ...patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms. While the cause of this condition is unclear, persistent infection was proposed as one possibility. It has recently been shown that
develops dormant persisters in stationary phase cultures that are not killed by the current Lyme antibiotics, and there is interest in identifying novel drug candidates that more effectively kill such forms. We previously identified some highly active essential oils with excellent activity against biofilm and stationary phase
Here, we screened another 35 essential oils and found 10 essential oils (
L. bulbs,
Lindl. berries,
L. seeds,
var.
Bruno grass,
(T. Nees) Engl. resin,
Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers,
L. wood,
L. leaves,
(Lour.) Pers. fruits,
Hook. leaves) and the active component of cinnamon bark cinnamaldehyde (CA) at a low concentration of 0.1% have strong activity against stationary phase
. At a lower concentration of 0.05%, essential oils of
L. bulbs,
Lindl. berries,
var.
Bruno grass and CA still exhibited strong activity against the stationary phase
. CA also showed strong activity against replicating
, with a MIC of 0.02% (or 0.2 μg/mL). In subculture studies, the top five essential oil hits
L. bulbs,
Lindl. berries,
(T. Nees) Engl. resin,
Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers, and
(Lour.) Pers. fruits completely eradicated all
stationary phase cells at 0.1%, while
var.
Bruno grass,
Hook. leaves,
L. wood,
L. seeds, and
L. leaves failed to do so as shown by visible spirochetal growth after 21-day subculture. At concentration of 0.05%, only
L. bulbs essential oil and CA sterilized the
stationary phase culture, as shown by no regrowth during subculture, while
Lindl. berries,
(T. Nees) Engl. resin,
Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers and
(Lour.) Pers. fruits essential oils all had visible growth during subculture. Future studies are needed to determine if these highly active essential oils could eradicate persistent
infection in vivo.
In vivo bioluminescent imaging permits the visualization of bacteria in live animals, allowing researchers to monitor, both temporally and spatially, the progression of infection in each animal. We ...sought to engineer stably luminescent clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, with the goal of using such strains in mouse models. The gram-positive shuttle vector pMAD was used as the backbone for an integration plasmid. A chloramphenicol resistance gene, a modified lux operon from Photorhabdus luminescens, and approximately 650 bp of homology to the chromosome of the USA300 S. aureus strain NRS384 were added, generating plasmid pRP1195. Electroporation into strain RN4220 followed by temperature shift led to integration of pRP1195 into the chromosome. The integrated plasmid was transferred to clinical strains by phage transduction. Luminescent strains displayed no in vitro growth defects. Moreover, luminescence was stable in vitro after three rounds of subculture over 48 hours of growth in the absence of antibiotics. Mice were infected with a luminescent strain of NRS384 in skin and intravenous models. In a mouse skin model, luminescent bacteria were present in lesions that formed and cleared over the course of several days, and in an intravenous model, bacteria inoculated in the mouse tail vein were observed spreading to multiple tissues. No statistically significant difference in virulence was observed between NRS384 and the luminescent strain in either infection model. These preliminary data suggest that this luminescent USA300 strain is suitable for use in mouse models. Similar strains were engineered using other sequenced clinical strains. Because these strains are stably luminescent, they should prove useful in animal models of infection.
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