The article was inspired by two recent collective monographs (Divičanová et al., 2015, 2017) dedicated to the surnames used by the families of Slovak origin living in Békéscsaba (Békešská Čaba) and ...Tótkomlós (Slovenský Komlóš) as the centres of the Slovak ethnic community in south-eastern Hungary whose members started to settle in this part of the historical "Lower Land" as early as in the first quarter of the 18th century. In the above-mentioned publications, hundreds of surnames were analyzed from various onomastic aspects (structural types, origin, onymic motivation, etc.); in this study, the author focuses on some questions of etymology and presents alternative explanations for about 30 surnames. In his opinion, some of the surnames under discussion may reflect autochthonous substantival formations otherwise not attested as common nouns in the Slovak language (Hamza, Holok, Lászik, Losjak, Rotyis, Szpluvák); for other surnames, the author identifies possible sources in various foreign languages historically used in this part of Central Europe, i. e., Hungarian (Balán, Csilek, etc.), Romanian (Drimba, Opra, Tirják, etc.), German (Baiczer, Gofjár, Majzik, Matajsz, etc.), Latin (Filadelfi), Polish (Kendra) and Slovene (Raspotnik).
The conflict of national Polish and Lithuanian historiographies typically involves divergent interpretations of the shared history, but it is seldom noticed that linguistic interpretations (including ...the onomastic ones) may be divergent too. These linguistic interpretations can also become a tool of language policy, especially of the policy focused on personal names. The present article analyses selected examples of genetically Lithuanian surnames currently in use in Poland which in some Polish linguistic sources are etymologised as genetically Polish, as well as conversely those of Polish origin which in some Lithuanian research are interpreted as genetically Lithuanian. Although inadvertent and accidental mistakes cannot be ruled out, in the case of homonymic surnames there is a visible tendency to give priority to native etymologies. It may be assumed that for the society at large, the origin of a surname somehow implies the nationality of its bearer; in the case when the researchers’ attitudes are nationalistic, this fact may be used as an argument in public debates whose scope far exceeds that of onomastics.
This article is focused on the analysis of surnames used in the eastern part of Latvia, i.e., Latgale, the history of which to a certain extent differs from other regions of Latvia. This is due to ...almost 300 years (1629–1917) of isolation from the territory inhabited by other ethnic Latvians, during which this region was under Polish and later Russian rule. During this 300-year-long separation, Latgale developed its own culture, a written tradition based on the local Latvian dialect, etc. The introduction of surnames for the Latvians of Latgale also differed from other regions. As Latgale is a multi-ethnic region, the system of surnames used there reflects not only the peculiarities of the local sub-dialects in vocabulary and semantics, but also contacts with other languages – Lithuanian, Estonian, Polish, Russian, Belarusian.
This article is based on research results acquired within the framework of the project “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale” directed by the Latvian Language Agency. Its main objective was to systematise Latgalian surnames registered in the 1935 census. The research data were summarised in a book “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale”, compiled by historian Ilmārs Mežs. This book comprises about 4000 Latvian surnames from Latgale. Each surname is provided with statistical information and a description of its historical place of origin (sometimes even a particular village). Whenever possible, one or several versions of the meaning of each surname are given.
The article aims to study theoretical provisions of rendering foreign personal names into the related Lithuanian and Latvian languages and to compare their practical implementations. In Lithuanian, ...the general practice is that of using a source language form of the name, with fewer cases of their adaptation to the rules of Lithuanian spelling and pronunciation. Yet still, there is an ongoing discussion in Lithuania whether the norms of such adaptation require revision. It should also be noted that the usage of personal names in the Lithuanian language depends on the functional style of the text. In the Latvian language, the tradition has established to write proper names in letters of Latvian alphabet, conveying the specifi city of their pronunciation, if possible. In addition, such cases are subject to the general rules of names and surnames usage in the Latvian language, that is, foreign personal names are spelt according to the grammatical norms of the Latvian language. The comparative analysis of foreign personal names rendering strategies in both Baltic languages has found the trend of using source language forms to prevail in Lithuanian (this extends even to Latvian personal names, which, by now, were exceptionally adapted). In Latvia, currently, the theoretically founded and established norms are at no risk of rejection. However, despite the long-term and deliberate pursuit for standardization and alignment of foreign names translation methods in the Latvian language (with guidelines issued, etc.), in practice, there are still considerable constraints to that. The article addresses some of them.
Rad je nastao na temelju istraživanja i analize najstarije sačuvane Matične knjige
krštenih župe Cres. Pisala su je u razdoblju od 1571. do 1596. godine čak
tridesetorica svećenika. Svaki je ...svećenik, što je i sasvim razumljivo, imao
poseban stil pisanja i različit način oblikovanja slova, pa je rad na njoj
predstavljao i svojevrstan paleografski izazov. Matica je pisana talijanskim
jezikom, odnosno mletačkim dijalektom, koji je bio svojstven urbanim središtima
otoka Cresa zbog gotovo kontinuirane nazočnosti mletačke vlasti od 1145. do
1797. godine, kada je Mletačka Republika prestala postojati. U
radu je pružen tek kratak analitički osvrt na rukopise svećenika u Matičnoj
knjizi krštenih župe Cres, nakon čega slijede poglavlja s podrobnijim
raščlambama i predstavljanjima rezultata u svezi s godišnjim i mjesečnim
rasporedom rađanja djece, potom u svezi s mjesečnim rasporedom začeća te vezom
začeća sa sezonskim poslovima. U posebnim su se poglavljima pružili i osvrti na
broj i ulogu svećenika krstitelja, na nadijevanje imena krštenika, a predstavila
su se i (naj)češća te nešto rjeđa muška i ženska osobna imena. Isto su tako
obrađeni i pridjevci (prezimena) krštenika i njihovih očeva. U kratku je
poglavlju analiziran i broj upisa koji se odnosi na blizanačke parove, a koji
su bili vrlo rijetki u župi Cres u promatranom razdoblju. Rad završava nešto
detaljnijim poglavljem u kojemu je objašnjena uloga kumova, ne samo u životu
krštenika nego i u životu obitelji kojoj je pripadao krštenik. Istaknuta je i
važnost broja kumova/kuma te (naj)češće biranih krsnih kumova/kuma u creskoj
gradskoj zajednici. Kako je riječ o prvom povijesno-demografskom uratku temeljenom na jednoj od matičnih knjiga otoka Cresa, komparativan je pristup sa sličnim istraživanjima i objavljenim rezultatima morao biti okrenut onima koje su odradili stručnjaci u susjednoj Istri. Riječ je o (polu)urbanim zajednicama, odnosno župama u
Lindaru, Pićnu, Puli, Rovinju, Svetvinčentu, Umagu, Taru i Tinjanu.
The paper is based on the research and analysis of the oldest preserved Register of Baptisms of the Parish of Cres. It was written in the period from 1571 to 1596 by as many as thirty priests. Each priest, which is quite understandable, had a special style of writing and a different way of formatting the letters, which made working on it a kind of palaeographic challenge. The Register was written in the Italian language, i.e. the Venetian dialect, which was characteristic of the urban centres of the island of Cres due to the almost continuous presence of Venetian rule from 1145 to 1797, when the Venetian Republic ceased to exist. The paper provides only a brief analytical review of the manuscripts written by the priests in the Register of Baptisms of the Parish of Cres, followed by chapters comprising more detailed analyses and presentations of results related to the annual and monthly distribution of births, then monthly distributions of conception and the relationship of conception with seasonal work. Specific chapters provide reviews of the number and the role of the baptizing priests, of the naming of the baptized, and the (most) frequent and somewhat rarer male and female personal names. The epithets (surnames) of the baptized and their fathers are also treated. A short chapter analyses the number of entries related to twins, who were very rare in the Parish of Cres in the observed period. The paper concludes with a somewhat more detailed chapter explaining the role of godparents, not only in the life of the baptized, but also in the life of the family to which the baptized belonged. The importance of the number of godparents and the (most)frequently chosen godparents in the Cres town community is also emphasized. As this is the first historical-demographic paper based on one of the registers of the island of Cres, the comparative approach with similar research and published results had to follow those done by experts in the neighbouring Istria researching (semi)urban communities, i.e. parishes of Lindar, Pićan, Pula, Rovinj, Svetvinčenat, Umag, Tar and Tinjan.
Il lavoro è nato dalla ricerca e dall'analisi del più antico conservato Registro dei battezzati della parrocchia di Cherso. È stato scritto nel periodo tra il 1571 e il 1596 da addirittura trenta sacerdoti. Ogni sacerdote aveva un particolare stile di scrittura e un diverso modo di formare le lettere, fenomeno comprensibile, il motivo per quale il lavoro sul registro ha rappresentato anche una certa sfida paleografica. Il Registro è scritto in lingua italiana, ovvero in dialetto veneto, caratteristico per i centri urbani dell'isola di Cherso, per via della quasi continua presenza del dominio veneto dal 1145 al 1797, quando cessò di esistere la Repubblica di Venezia. Nel lavoro è presente una breve recensione
analitica delle scritture dei sacerdoti nel Registro dei battezzati della parrocchia
di Cherso, alla quale seguono capitoli con dettagliate analisi e presentazioni
dei risultati relative alla distribuzione annuale e mensile delle nascite di
bambini, alla distribuzione mensile dei concepimenti e la correlazione tra i
concepimenti e i lavori stagionali. Nei capitoli a parte ci sono cenni relativi
al numero e al ruolo dei sacerdoti che battezzavano, alla scelta dei nomi dei
battezzati, e si sono presentati anche i nomi (più) frequenti e quelli più
rari, maschili e femminili. Sono inoltre elaborati gli appellativi (cognomi)
dei battezzati e dei loro padri. In un capitolo breve è analizzato il numero di
iscrizioni relativo alle coppie di gemelli, che erano molto rari nella
Parrocchia di Cherso nel periodo interessato. Nell'ultimo capitolo, viene
spiegato, in modo accurato, il ruolo dei padrini, non solo nella vita del
battezzato ma anche della famiglia a cui appartiene. Si sottolinea l'importanza
del numero dei padrini/madrine e i più scelti padrini/madrine del battesimo
nella comunità urbana di Cherso. Poiché si tratta del primo lavoro
storico-demografico basato su uno dei registri dell'isola di Cherso, un
approccio comparativo con simili ricerche e risultati pubblicati doveva
riguardare quelli realizzati da parte di esperti nella vicina Istria. Si tratta
di comunità (semi)urbane, ovvero parrocchie di Lindaro, Pedena,Pola, Rovigno,
Sanvincenti, Umago, Torre e Antignana.
This study is based on the fact that the surnames of many Russian scientists have gender endings, with “a” denoting a female, so that the sex of most of them can be readily determined from the ...listing of authors in the Web of Science (WoS). A comparison was made between the proportion of females in 1985, 1995, and 2005, with a corresponding analysis of the major fields in which they worked, their propensity to co-author papers internationally (which often necessitates having the opportunity to travel to conferences abroad to meet possible colleagues), and their citation records. We found, as expected, that women had a higher presence in the biological sciences and a very low presence in engineering, mathematics, and physics. Their citation scores, on a fractionated basis, were lower than those for men in almost all fields and years, and were not explained by their writing of fewer reviews and papers in English (both of which lead to higher citations), or their lower amount of international collaboration in 1995 and 2005 after Russia had become a more open society.
This paper attempts to detect the existence of links in consumption patterns between generations. Preferences over consumption goods may be determined by the preferences of parents and/or by ...preferences arising from the environment. We propose an indirect methodology to overcome the lack of data on consumption choices of dynasties, i.e., parents and their adult offspring. This new approach is based on the analysis of the correlation between the geographical distributions of surnames and consumption choices. We show that there is no significant intergenerational link on consumption patterns for non-food goods. Our results also suggest that there is a link between parents' and children's preferences over food items.
► We study links in preferences over consumption goods between generations. ► Preferences are determined by the preferences of parents and/or by the environment. ► We analyze the correlation between the distribution of surnames and consumption. ► We find intergenerational links for food goods.
Who Prepares for Terrorism? Bourque, Linda B.; Mileti, Dennis S.; Kano, Megumi ...
Environment and behavior,
05/2012, Volume:
44, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The National Survey of Disaster Experiences and Preparedness (NSDEP) examined whether households in the United States have engaged in proactive preparedness and avoidance activities since September ...11, 2001, and whether the activities reported were done because of terrorism, natural disasters, other reasons, or any combination of reasons. Reported activities were examined by geographic area of exposure to or threat of 9/11, gender, race/ethnic identification, and income. The sample was drawn using random-digit-dialing (RDD) supplemented with surname lists. Data were collected between April 13, 2007, and February 13, 2008. Few households did preparedness and avoidance activities exclusively because of concerns about terrorism. Rather decisions were motivated by a combination of reasons. Residents of New York City and Washington, DC, men, and high-income respondents reported more preparedness activities, whereas low-income respondents, African Americans, and Hispanics reported more avoidance activities.
Način pisanja dvostrukih prezimena sa spojnicom ili bez nje ovisi o izboru nositelja toga prezimena pa je taj lik ujedno i nadređen pravopisnim pravilima. U radu se stoga propituju pravopisna pravila ...o pisanju dvostrukih prezimena muških i ženskih osoba, a u vezi s tim i (ne)mogućnost njihove sklonidbe. Zaključuje se da s morfološkoga gledišta spojnica nije potrebna u dvostrukim prezimenima ni muških ni ženskih osoba: u prezimenima muških osoba pisanje spojnice onemogućuje sklonidbu prve sastavnice prezimena, u prezimenima ženskih osoba spojnica je zalihosna jer se ona ne sklanjaju, dok u prezimenima ženskih osoba u kojima prva sastavnica ili obje završavaju na -a pisanje spojnice ukida mogućnost sklonidbe. Težnja izostavljanju spojnice u dvostrukim prezimenima potvrđuje se istraživanjem uporabe dvostrukih prezimena ženskih osoba u dnevnim novinama.
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