Packed with conceptual sketches and photos, real world case studies and green construction details, this book provides a wealth of practical guidelines and essential insights that will facilitate the ...design of green buildings. Written in an easy to understand style, the Handbook draws on over 35 years of personal experience across the world, offering vital information and penetrating insights into two major building rating systems such as LEED and BREEAM both used extensively in the United States, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Develop a project schedule that allows for systems testing and commissioning.
Create contract plans and specifications to ensure building performance
A step-by-step approach for integrating technologies into the different stages of design and execution.
Waste Foundry sand (WFS), a major solid waste from metal casting industry, is posing a significant environmental threat owing to its disposal to landfills. In this research, an innovative artificial ...intelligence technique i.e. Multi-Expression Programming (MEP) is applied to model the split tensile strength (ST) and modulus of elasticity (E) of concrete containing waste foundry sand (CWFS). The presented formulations correlate mechanical properties with four input variables i.e. w/c, foundry sand content, superplasticizer content and compressive strength. The results of statistical analysis validate the model accuracy as evident by the low values of objective function (0.033 for E and 0.052 for ST). Moreover, the average error in the predicted values is significantly low i.e. 0.287 MPa and 1.75 GPa for ST and E model, respectively. Parametric study depicts that the models are well trained to accurately predict the trends of mechanical properties with variation in mix parameters. The prediction models can promote the usage of WFS in green concrete thereby preventing waste disposal and contributing towards and sustainable construction.
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•WFS, a hazardous solid waste, causes adverse environmental impact.•Artificial intelligence is used to model mechanical properties of green concrete.•Validation and parametric study is performed to ensure the accuracy of models.•Application of proposed models can contribute towards sustainable construction.
Microbial induced concrete corrosion (MICC) is recognized as one of the main degradation mechanisms of subsurface infrastructure worldwide, raising the demand for sustainable construction materials ...in corrosive environments. This review aims to summarize the key research progress acquired during the last decade regarding the understanding of MICC reaction mechanisms and the development of durable materials from an interdisciplinary perspective. Special focus was laid on aspects governing concrete - micoorganisms interaction since being the central process steering biogenic acid corrosion. The insufficient knowledge regarding the latter is proposed as a central reason for insufficient progress in tailored material development for aggressive wastewater systems. To date no cement-based material exists, suitable to withstand the aggressive conditions related to MICC over its entire service life. Research is in particular needed on the impact of physiochemical material parameters on microbial community structure, growth characteristics and limitations within individual concrete speciation. Herein an interdisciplinary approach is presented by combining results from material sciences, microbiology, mineralogy and hydrochemistry to stimulate the development of novel and sustainable materials and mitigation strategies for MICC. For instance, the application of antibacteriostatic agents is introduced as an effective instrument to limit microbial growth on concrete surfaces in aggressive sewer environments. Additionally, geopolymer concretes are introduced as highly resistent in acid environments, thus representing a possible green alternative to conventional cement-based construction materials.
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•Key research progress regarding microbial induced concrete corrosion (MICC).•Mechanisms steering concrete – microorganism interaction in MICC environments.•Impact of physiochemical concrete parameters on microbial community structures.•Possible application of antibacteriostatic agents in aggressive sewer environments.•Advantages of geopolymer technology for applications in MICC environments.
Cement asphalt emulsion mixture (CAEM) is an environmentally sustainable substitute for hot mix asphalt and can trigger a substantial economic benefit. This paper systematically reviews the ...interactions between the organic–inorganic composites and their influence on the performance of CAEM. First, the interactions between asphalt emulsion (AE) and cement are introduced. Next, the demulsification of AE and hydration of cement in the CAEM system are analyzed. Finally, the fresh properties of CA paste, the static and dynamic mechanical properties of CA mortar and its applications in ballastless slab tracks, and the road performance of CAEM and its applications in pavement construction are discussed. This review allows for a better understanding of the interaction of the organic–inorganic composite and thus has a better strategy to regulate the performance of CAEM and promote its practical application.
Pervious concrete has made a comeback as a green infrastructure solution for urban areas. The fast adoption of the permeable pavement practice by many cities worldwide warrants an urgent response ...from researchers to address the lack of standards for mixture optimization, pavement design, and characterization methods, which results in field placements with insufficient strength and durability. These critical issues are the topic of this review paper. Laboratory test results relevant to the mechanical and hydrological performance of pervious concrete, e.g., compressive and flexural strength, impact and abrasion resistance, porosity and permeability, and their interrelationships are discussed in great detail. The use of additives, alternative binders, fillers, and fibers from natural sources and waste streams and their impact on pervious concrete performance parameters is reviewed. Efforts in computational modeling of mechanical, structural, and hydrological behavior of pervious concrete materials and pervious concrete pavements are also presented. Based on this extensive review of state of the art on these important matters, the areas of need for future research are identified.
•Studies of mixture composition optimization and characterization methods are discussed.•Review of effect of waste materials on pervious concrete mixture design and mechanical performance is presented.•Statistical models of pervious concrete mechanical properties are summarized.•Numerical modeling of pervious concrete stress-strain behavior and permeability are reviewed.•State of the art of pervious concrete pavement design is discussed.
There is a big shift towards sustainable construction projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sustainable construction projects are riskier than traditional projects. The purpose of this paper is ...to identify and assess the risks in sustainable construction projects in the UAE. This will help project participants to properly manage these risks in their projects. A list of thirty risks was identified based on literature review. These risks were grouped into five categories: management, technical, green team, green materials and regulatory/economic. A survey was then developed and sent to professionals from the UAE. The respondents evaluated each risk in terms of its probability of occurrence and potential impact. Forty-four responses were collected. The thirty risks were ranked based on the risk severity (probability multiplied by impact). The top five risks are shortage of clients' funding, insufficient or incorrect sustainable design information, design changes, unreasonably tight schedule for sustainable construction and poor scope definition in sustainable construction. Risk identification and assessment are important part of project risk management. This allows for appropriate risk response planning and control.
The paper presents the issues related to the excessive use of natural resources and the possibility of its reduction through the use of ash deposited in landfills. Two different ashes from the ...combustion of various types of biomass (coconutshell and sunflower) were used and compared with each other. As part of the tests, thechemical composition of the ashes used was checked and samples of cement and standard mortars were made using the two types of fly ash. The research shows that the chemical composition is similar to the volatile chemical composition of conventional burning pavilions. It should be noted that the type and origin of the ash used for the results obtained is important. The use of ashes as a partial substitute for standard sand increased the compressive strength of all tested samples from 1 to over 17%. Ash additions reduced the compressive strengthdrop after frost resistance testing by 3 to 15%, and slightly increased the absorbency by 2 to 6% relative to control samples. An important advantage is that the use of ash as a substitute for standard sand allows you to reduce the consumption of natural resources.
This paper explores the environmental impacts of large-scale 3D printing (3DP) construction in comparison to conventional construction methods using two different types of construction material: ...concrete and cob (a sustainable earth-based material). The study uses a standard Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, from cradle to site, to assess the environmental impacts of the construction materials and processes, with a focus on load-bearing walls in small/medium size houses. As expected, cob-based methods (conventional followed by 3DP) show lower overall environmental impacts and global warming potentials than the concrete-based methods. The study also shows that while the overall environmental impacts of 3DP concrete is higher than that of 3DP cob due to higher global warming potential, stratospheric ozone depletion and fine particulate matter formation, it has less impact on marine eutrophication, land use, and mineral resources scarcity. The environmental issues that remain to be overcome in relation to 3DP concrete is its high-cement content, while the issue in 3DP cob rises from the use of electricity for the 3D printing operation. The study indicates that the use of renewable energy resources and innovative material science can greatly increase the potentials of both 3DP cob and 3DP concrete respectively for future construction.
•Evaluation of the environmental performance of robotic 3D printing in construction.•Introducing 3D printed cob as a new sustainable construction method.•LCA used for comparing 3D printed cob and concrete to conventional concrete construction.•3D printing technology reveals environmental potentials for sustainable construction.
•Clear methodology for effective use of C&D waste in concrete is warranted.•Treatment methods for mitigation of weaknesses within RCA and RAC has discussed.•Performance enhancement methods on RCA ...considering sustainability has analysed.•Present review recommends for the strengthening of attached mortar not the removal.
With global increase in construction and demolition, recycling of construction debris as an aggregate can be a vital step towards achieving sustainability in concrete construction. However, a clear methodology for reuse of construction and demolition (C&D) waste in concrete is warranted for its use in practice. This paper reviews the challenges revealed hitherto such as weak interfacial transition zone, high water absorption and presence of micro cracks in the use of C&D wastes as the recycled aggregate (RA). Methods of mitigation of these weaknesses through various treatments have been reported. This review has a special focus on India, a country that generates one of the world’s highest quantity of C&D waste. After analysing all the treatment methods, the authors summarize that the strengthening of attached mortar (AM) technique is better than removing of AM, which is also cost-effective, eco-friendly and sustainable. Use of nano-materials and pozzolana along with different mixing methods and application of bio-cement is found to be superior and environmental friendly approach for improving the properties of recycled aggregates.
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