Uznání náboženské svobody – prubířský kámen recepce lidských práv v církvi Uznáním moderních lidských práv v encyklice Pacem in terris byla připravena cesta pro pozitivní recepci náboženské svobody ...na druhém vatikánském koncilu (deklarace Dignitatis humanae). Příspěvek se zamýšlí nad tím, co nového znamenalo pro život církve přijetí občanského práva na náboženskou svobodu. V souvislosti s tím je reflektován vztah mezi pravdou a svobodou, respektive mezi „právem na pravdu“ a „právem na svobodu“. Na tomto pozadí je poukázano na důsledky, které pro církev z uznání náboženské svobody plynou. Zvláštní pozornost je přitom věnována souvisejícímu tématu svobody svědomí.
This ambitious volume provides a trenchant and timely analysis of the creation of a single market in both the EU and the US. Comparing the experience of the US during the nineteenth century and the ...single market of the EU in the twentieth century, the book demonstrates how the political economy of single market formation has followed remarkably similar trajectories. Both cases show evidence of interplay between different levels of government in determining distributive outcomes; evolution of a legal framework for the market; and development of new regulatory strategies to deal with changing economic realities. The book illustrates the process of market consolidation through a detailed comparison of the so-called four freedoms: the removal of border controls; and the largely unrestricted transfer of goods, services, and capital across different jurisdictions. In both cases, establishing one market, one currency, and a more unified banking and financial system transformed largely autonomous or sovereign constituent units into a more unified economic entity. Single Markets also sheds light on critically important questions for both comparativists and international relations scholars regarding the nature of territorial governance and the construction of state interests. The book's interdisciplinary approach to focusing on crucial political and economic developments on both sides of the Atlantic will be of interest to scholars in political science, public policy, law, and history.
Purpose of Review
Osteogenesis is a complex process involving the specification of multiple progenitor cells and their maturation and differentiation into matrix-secreting osteoblasts. Osteogenesis ...occurs not only during embryogenesis but also during growth, after an injury, and in normal homeostatic maintenance. While much is known about osteogenesis-associated regulatory genes, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are epigenetic regulators of protein expression, is just beginning to be explored. While miRNAs do not abrogate all protein expression, their purpose is to finely tune it, allowing for a timely and temporary protein down-regulation.
Recent Findings
The last decade has unveiled a multitude of miRNAs that regulate key proteins within the osteogenic lineage, thus qualifying them as “ostemiRs.” These miRNAs may endogenously target an activator or inhibitor of differentiation, and depending on the target, may either lead to the prolongation of a progenitor maintenance state or to early differentiation. Interestingly, cellular identity seems intimately coupled to the expression of miRNAs, which participate in the suppression of previous and subsequent differentiation steps. In such cases where key osteogenic proteins were identified as direct targets of miRNAs in non-bone cell types, or through bioinformatic prediction, future research illuminating the activity of these miRNAs during osteogenesis will be extremely valuable.
Summary
Many bone-related diseases involve the dysregulation of transcription factors or other proteins found within osteoblasts and their progenitors, and the dysregulation of miRNAs, which target such factors, may play a pivotal role in disease etiology, or even as a possible therapy.
Tako zgodovinsko kakor tudi konceptualno je svoboda izražanja ena izmed osnovnih državljanskih svoboščin, ki jo povezujemo s sodobnim pojmovanjem državljanstva, kakor tudi eno najpomembnejših načel ...demokratične družbe. Članek identificira različne funkcije, ki jih povezujemo s svobodo izražanja, in predstavi z njo povezane osnovne interese. Sledi analiza omejitev oz. mej svobode izražanja in s tem povezana problematika sovražnega govora ter predstavitev nekaterih razsežnosti pravne podlage obravnave sovražnega govora. Razprava se ukvarja z vprašanjem, zakaj sovražni govor predstavlja mejo svobodi izražanja, nato pa je predstavljen predlog uporabe konceptualne analize pri prepoznavanju in definiranju sovražnega govora. V sklepnem delu so predstavljeni nekateri temeljnih ugovorov zoper svobodo izražanja in sovražni govor.
The video game Attentat 1942 (2017) and its follow-up Svoboda 1945: Liberation (2021) received worldwide recognition and numerous awards for their representation of Czechoslovak history. Drawing upon ...the personal experiences of several members of the development team at Charles Games, including translators and historians, the article addresses the challenges involved in adapting Central and Eastern European historical narratives for players unfamiliar with the regional context, but also for countries (i.e. Germany) with stringent rules on video game depictions of Nazi symbolism. By doing so, we critically examine how the development team strove to maintain historical accuracy and authenticity not only in the games' development but, more specifically, in their localization. The article builds on existing research on video game localization, which sees localization as a complex set of processes involving not only translation of in-game texts, but also more fundamental adjustments related to globalization and internationalization. The article complements a self-reflexive design case analysis with a reception study, based on a thematic analysis of foreign language reviews in the specialized press, to explore how regional historical themes are perceived by reviewers, and whether, or to what extent, localization affects these perceptions.
El teatro de marionetas forma parte indisoluble de las tradiciones de la actual República Checa y a partir de él se ha desarrollado la mayor parte del trabajo de directores de animación en ...stop-motion y también teatral. Karel Zeman se inicia en el cine de animación con la técnica del stop-motion y es también la que desarrollan algunos de los directores de animación contemporáneos y compatriotas suyos como Jiří Trnka y Hermína Týrlová. A su vez, en el campo teatral se desarrollan nuevas técnicas instalativas y de escenificación de la mano de la compañía la Linterna Mágica, y sobre todo del escenógrafo y uno de sus fundadores, Josef Svoboda, que conjugan actores reales con animación. Por su parte, uno de los aspectos más significativos de Karel Zeman es el trabajo de realización en diferentes espacios físicos según sus necesidades, y que nos permitirá analizar técnicas cinematográficas como el “matte-painting” que se parecen a técnicas escenográficas, y las proyecciones y teorías teatrales que son aplicables a su mundo de la animación, como el trabajo actoral y su relación con las marionetas. En este ensayo, con el análisis y la comparación de los trabajos de Zeman y Svoboda, y los diferentes escenarios observaremos que el cine de animación, el teatro y las técnicas teatrales son vasos comunicantes.
Acknowledgements Funding was provided by Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports (CZ) (Grant No. NPU I LO1419). Competing interests The author declares that he has no competing interests. ...Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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