There are many patterns with symbolic value in the old and current traditions, which are inseparable features from Mongolian society. The starting point for this paper is a particular symbol found on ...a 21 by 21 cm square silk cloth dating back to the early twentieth century. Embroidered on each of the four corners of the silk cloth is the chandmani erdene pattern, the “wishing jewel”, and in the middle there is a much larger embroidery representing the tavan nüden hee, i.e. the “five eyes pattern”. Concerning the origin of this symbol, according to the available Mongolian sources, the “five eyes pattern” belongs to the ancient Mongolian tradition. Its existence is historically proven from the oldest times as meaning nobleness, respectfulness, protection, strength and sacredness.
In <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1 , during typesetting process, some mistakes were made in symbols. The errors and corrections are listed below. The errors are highlighted in blue. The ...corrections are highlighted in red.
The meaning of places is socially constructed, often informed by the groups that seem pervasive there. For instance, the University of Pennsylvania is sometimes pejoratively called “Jew-niversity of ...Pennsylvania,” and the city of Decatur, Georgia, is disparagingly nicknamed “Dyke-atur,” connoting the respective pervasiveness of Jewish students and gay residents. Because these pervasiveness perceptions meaningfully impact how people navigate the social world, it is critical to understand the factors that influence their formation. Across surveys, experiments, and archival data, six studies (N = 3,039 American adults) revealed the role of symbolic threat (i.e., perceived differences in values and worldviews). Specifically, holding constant important features of the group and context, we demonstrated that groups higher in symbolic threat are perceived as more populous in a place and more associated with that place than groups lower in symbolic threat. Ultimately, this work reveals that symbolic threat can both distort how people understand their surroundings and shape the meaning of places.
This Letter proposes a blind symbol packing ratio estimation for faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signalling based on state-of-the-art deep learning technology. The symbol packing ratio (also named speeding ...parameter, time packing parameter etc.) is a vital parameter to obtain the real symbol rate and recover the origin symbols from the received symbols by calculating the intersymbol interference. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first effective estimation approach for symbol packing ratio in FTN signalling and has shown its fast convergence and robustness to signal-to-noise ratio by numerical simulations. Benefiting from the proposed blind estimation, the packing-ratio-based adaptive FTN transmission without dedicate channel or control frame becomes available. Also, the secure FTN communications based on the secret symbol packing ratio can be easily cracked.
This book presents an exploration of how fundamental signals are to our world. It uses a variety of tools — theories of signaling games, information, evolution, and learning — to investigate how ...meaning and communication develop. The book shows how signaling games themselves evolve, and introduces a new model of learning with invention. The juxtaposition of atomic signals leads to complex signals, as the natural product of gradual process. Signals operate in networks of senders and receivers at all levels of life. Information is transmitted, but it is also processed in various ways. That is how we think — signals run around a very complicated signaling network. Signaling is a key ingredient in the evolution of teamwork, in the human but also in the animal world, even in micro-organisms. Communication and co-ordination of action are different aspects of the flow of information, and are both effected by signals.
Future wireless communication systems are expected to explore spectral bands typically used by radar systems, in order to overcome spectrum congestion of traditional communication bands. Since in ...many applications radar and communication share the same platform, spectrum sharing can be facilitated by joint design as a dual-function radar-communications system. In this paper, we propose a joint transmit beamforming model for a dual-function multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar and multiuser MIMO communication transmitter. The proposed dual-function system transmits the weighted sum of independent radar waveforms and communication symbols, forming multiple beams towards the radar targets and the communication receivers, respectively. The design of the weighting coefficients is formulated as an optimization problem whose objective is the performance of the MIMO radar transmit beamforming, while guaranteeing that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at each communication user is higher than a given threshold. Despite the non-convexity of the proposed optimization problem, we prove that it can be relaxed into a convex one, where the relaxation is tight. We then propose a reduced complexity design based on zero-forcing the inter-user interference and radar interference. Unlike previous works, which focused on the transmission of communication symbols to synthesize a radar transmit beam pattern, our method provides more degrees of freedom for MIMO radar and is thus able to obtain improved radar performance, as demonstrated in our simulation study. Furthermore, the proposed dual-function scheme approaches the radar performance of the radar-only scheme, i.e., without spectrum sharing, under reasonable communication quality constraints.
There is currently considerable discussion about the relative influences of evolutionary and cultural factors in the development of early numerical skills. In particular, there has been substantial ...debate and study of the relationship between approximate, nonverbal (approximate magnitude system AMS) and exact, symbolic (symbolic number system SNS) representations of number. Here we examined several hypotheses concerning whether, in the earliest stages of formal education, AMS abilities predict growth in SNS abilities, or the other way around. In addition to tasks involving symbolic (Arabic numerals) and nonsymbolic (dot arrays) number comparisons, we also tested children's ability to translate between the 2 systems (i.e., mixed-format comparison). Our data included a sample of 539 kindergarten children (M = 5.17 years, SD = .29), with AMS, SNS, and mixed-comparison skills assessed at the beginning and end of the academic year. In this way, we provide, to the best of our knowledge, the most comprehensive test to date of the direction of influence between the AMS and SNS in early formal schooling. Results were more consistent with the view that SNS abilities at the beginning of kindergarten lay the foundation for improvement in both AMS abilities and the ability to translate between the 2 systems. It is important to note that we found no evidence to support the reverse. We conclude that, once one acquires a basic grasp of exact number symbols, it is this understanding of exact number (and perhaps repeated practice therewith) that facilitates growth in the AMS. Though the precise mechanism remains to be understood, these data challenge the widely held view that the AMS scaffolds the acquisition of the SNS.
Vital Voids Finegold, Andrew
2021, 2021-05-11
eBook
The Resurrection Plate, a Late Classic Maya dish, is decorated with an arresting scene. The Maize God, assisted by two other deities, emerges reborn from a turtle shell. At the center of the plate, ...in the middle of the god's body and aligned with the point of emergence, there is a curious sight: a small, neatly drilled hole.Art historian Andrew Finegold explores the meanings attributed to this and other holes in Mesoamerican material culture, arguing that such spaces were broadly understood as conduits of vital forces and material abundance, prerequisites for the emergence of life. Beginning with, and repeatedly returning to, the Resurrection Plate, this study explores the generative potential attributed to a wide variety of cavities and holes in Mesoamerica, ranging from the perforated dishes placed in Classic Maya burials, to caves and architectural voids, to the piercing of human flesh. Holes are also discussed in relation to fire, based on the common means through which both were produced: drilling. Ultimately, by attending to what is not there, Vital Voids offers a fascinating approach to Mesoamerican cosmology and material culture.
Symbolic religious establishment (SRE), that is, the noncoercive recognition of religion by the state, has become the object of a growing debate in political philosophy. Although SRE is purely ...symbolic, some have argued that it can be wrong because of the message of political inequality that it sends. The indeterminacy of this expressive argument makes its application problematic, however. The objective of this article is to improve the applicability of the expressivist argument by providing clear guidelines of evaluation of SRE. I develop a three‐step test that helps distinguish permissible from impermissible cases of SRE: religious symbols that are divisive, political, and not appropriately justified are impermissible because of their exclusionary message. One important upshot of the argument is that the appeal to the value of heritage does not provide a plausible justification for the introduction of new religious symbols, and therefore that such neo‐establishment is always impermissible.
We show that the Gersten complex for the (improved) Milnor K-sheaf on a smooth scheme over an excellent discrete valuation ring is exact except at the first place and that exactness at the first ...place may be checked at the discrete valuation ring associated to the generic point of the special fibre. This complements results of Gillet-Levine for K-theory, Geisser for motivic cohomology and Schmidt-Strunk and the author for étale cohomology.
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