We present the results of experimental investigations of the distribution of deformation indicators and rolling forces along the length of brass (L63) strips in a 150 × 235 two-roll mill equipped ...with a microcontroller system for high-precision measurements of loads acting upon the rolls. The results of the quantitative analyses of changes in the sizes of strips and rolling forces on stationary and nonstationary sections along the strip length are presented. A significant effect of the outer parts of the strip on the rolling force and the pressure of the metal upon the rolls is established. On the basis of the experimental results, we propose an equation for the evaluation of the influence of the outer parts of the strip on the rolling force and pressure. The equation for the mean pressure of the metal upon the rolls is improved with regard for the influence of the outer parts and the stiffness of the strip on the site of deformation in the process of thin-sheet rolling. It is shown that the proposed equations make it possible to increase the accuracy of evaluation of pressure and determination of rolling forces along the length of thin strips.
A simple-to-implement technique for measuring radial clearances with controlled precision due to decreasing random components of errors is considered. The quantitative estimates of precision, ...performance, and efficiency of the proposed technique are provided. This technique is stochastic, is based on characteristics of random errors and on periodicity of blade wheel rotation, and allows obtaining the measurement results with uniform precision in the entire range of rotation speeds of the turbomachine rotor. The considered technique makes it possible to avoid procedures for approximating numerical readouts.
Results are presented from experimental studies of the behavior of the charge materials in the shaft of blast furnace No. 9 at the plant ArselorMittal Krivoy Rog during operation of the furnace in ...transient regimes – with a lower stockline in the shaft and during blowout of the furnace for a lengthy shutdown. The studies were the first to use a stationary system to measure the profile of the surface of the stock.
Composite thermoluminescent (TL) materials characterized by different TL sensitivity to energy of photon radiation, namely, double-component mixtures of finely dispersed ingredients: ...thermoluminescent phosphor (LiF or CaSO4:Dy) and nonluminescent material (salts with various Zeff values) have been described. The TL sensitivity of such TL composites was demonstrated to depend upon Zeff values inherent to separate components and upon their concentration ratio in the mixture. Within the range of x-ray energy values from 10 to 120 keV, the LiF-based materials containing Li2CO3 as nonluminescent material were dosimetrically equivalent to soft tissues. The availability of powder-like TLD materials containing 65% LiF + 35% Li2CO3 can definitely serve the basis for extending the application area for the well-known procedure adopted by IAEA/WHO for comparative testing of x-ray therapy units with HVL < 0.5 mm Cu and for starting the intercomparison of units intended for superficial x-ray therapy. The use of the dose detectors based on TLD of 35% LiF + 65% Li2CO3 composition in orthovoltage x-ray therapy units excludes the necessity for introducing corrections for the dependence of detector's readings on energy levels. LiF- and CaSO4:Dy-based TL materials containing PbSO4 as a nonluminescent material are, by a factor of 10, more sensitive to energy variations than other known thermoluminescent phosphors. With the application of TLD based on above materials into two-detector systems intended for determining Eeff values of x-ray radiation, the ambiguity of readings in low-energy region has been eliminated, whereas the range of measurement appeared to be significantly expanded.
In this paper, We present the interactive system that even an ordinary person can measure economic impacts which are derived from public investment. The features of this new system are following two ...respects: In the first place, Everybody can measure economic impacts by interregional input-output analysis which could not analysis in any prefectures so far. And then, can measure it automatically as long as set total cost by having database of input component ratio for public works. Everybody can measure economic impacts by using this system in short time, and besides, can measure it minutely.
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