The European Union is the only international organisation that has a parliament where taxation is debated and legislated on. Along with foreign affairs and defense, however, taxation is also one of ...the few policy areas that is subject to unanimity voting among member-states. This creates a responsiveness-responsibility dilemma that the European Commission has tried to navigate by constructing responsiveness to public demands for tax justice as a political imperative. In this article, I apply the concept of 'political work' to analyse EU tax policy between 2014 and 2019 and show the ways in which the politics of responsiveness partly eroded the institutional constraints of responsibility vis-à-vis member states. As I document, the Commission's political work was initially successful but then lost momentum, as a handful of governments managed to veto efforts in the Council and push the issue to the OECD, where it was stalled by the United States until the election of Joe Biden.
Our study examines the effect of corporate tax outcomes on forced CEO turnover. While prior research argues that firms often do not engage in tax avoidance due to reputational concerns, the empirical ...evidence suggesting the existence of reputational costs is scarce. In a broad sample of firms, we find evidence of a relation between the payment of low taxes and forced turnover. We also find that forced CEO turnover is more likely when the firm pays a high tax rate relative to its peers. Our results are consistent with the existence of previously unexplored individual reputational costs for not engaging in tax avoidance.
A plethora of evidence can be found in the literature supporting the view that citizens' trust in the state plays a decisive role in their overall tax compliance. Nevertheless, in Greece, where the ...consequences of a ten years long economic crisis still exist, the phenomenon of tax evasion is still dealt with traditional enforcement methods like penalties, regular audits, and tax policy. A new conceptual model is proposed and empirically tested using data from 1,014 Greek citizens from fifty areas of Greece. It attempts to examine the combined effect of ten trust-related factors, which are grouped into four dimensions on tax morale (trust in governance quality, trust in principles and institutions, trust in fellow citizens and trust in personal perceptions). The results show that Greek citizens' trust in tax reciprocity is the factor that mainly affects tax morale, with citizens' trust in tax authorities and in the institution of democracy closely following.
Developing countries face three main challenges in international tax cooperation. The most widely known are the twin problems of tax avoidance by foreign investors and tax evasion by domestic actors, ...which have become a major focus of debate in international organisations and of civil society activism in recent years. The second problem, tax competition, incorporates a range of issues from the 'prisoners' dilemma' facing countries competing for inward direct investment through to the harmful tax rules used by tax havens that enable tax avoidance and evasion. This article reviews four recent monographs that analyse these problems at an international level. While they contain much useful discussion of the problems and potential technical solutions, there remains a need for political economy research to understand why certain technical solutions have not been adopted by governments. A third challenge faced by developing countries, barely considered in the tax and development literature up to now, leads to a note of caution: international tax institutions tend to be designed in ways that place disproportionate restrictions on capital-importing countries' ability to tax foreign investors.
How does the receipt of remittances shape recipients’ attitudes towards taxation? We argue that remittances are likely to reduce support for the fiscal contract of taxes in exchange for public ...services because recipients rely less on the national economy and the state for their well-being. Remittance recipients can use the money sent by friends or family overseas to obtain public services in the private market instead of, or in addition to, tax-funded welfare services. In doing so, remittance recipients become detached from the national political community and develop a transactional relationship with the state whereby they pay licence fees, taxes and bribes to protect investment goods procured with remittances, making them less willing to support general taxation and more likely to approve of tax evasion and avoidance. We find strong support for our theory in analysis of survey data from Africa and Latin America. Our article contributes to knowledge of the micro-foundations of the fiscal contract and the political-economic effects of emigration and remittances on migrants’ homelands.
This article first aims to identify the final fiscal amount of the VAT control statement in the selected region and then to transform it to determine the theoretical fiscal amount in the entire Czech ...Republic. The second goal is to identify a possible impact of VAT control statements on tax evasion. For this purpose, the following tools have been used: calls for submission of control statements, reasons to initiate inspection arising from matching the control statements, tax audits, and the process to remove tax doubts. Using the foregoing tools, the theoretical fiscal revenue is quantified and then compared with the VAT gap from 2015 to 2016. The VAT gap is measured by adjusting the gross domestic product; the data from the national accounts database published by the Czech Statistical Office are used as the basic data source. The authors have arrived at the conclusion that once the financial administration implemented the selected tools for total tax collection, then right after implementing the VAT control statements in 2016 the VAT gap slightly decreased in comparison with the previous year (and in proportion to year-on-year comparison of GDP), which resulted in the increase in the overall VAT collection.
The current study examines the micro-linguistic details of Twitter responses to the whistleblower-initiated publication of the Panama Papers. The leaked documents contained the micro-details of tax ...avoidance, tax evasion, and wealth accumulation schemes used by business elites, politicians, and government bureaucrats. The public release of the documents on April 4, 2016 resulted in a grounds well of Twitter and other social media activity throughout the world, including 161,036 Spanishlanguage tweets in the subsequent 5-month period. The findings illustrate that the responses were polyvocal, consisting a collection of overlapping speech genres with varied thematic topics and linguistic styles, as well as differing degrees of calls for action and varying amounts of illocutionary force. The analysis also illustrates that, while the illocutionary force of tweets is somewhat associated with the adoption of a prosaic and vernacular ethical stance as well as with demands for action, these types of voicing behaviors were not present in the majority of the tweets. These results suggest that, while social media platforms are a popular site for collective forms of voicing activities, it is less certain that these collective stakeholder voices necessarily result in forceful accountability demands that spill out of the communication medium and thus serve as an impulse for positive social change.
It is sometimes argued that a flat-rate tax reform can reduce tax noncompliance. The argument is, however, inconsistent with the so-called Yitzhaki’s puzzle of the classical expected utility (EU) ...model. The latter predicts an increase, rather than a reduction, in tax evasion following a cut in the tax rates resulting from a flat-rate reform. We study the impact of a flat-rate tax in a microsimulation tax-benefit model of Italy, which allows us to analyze various hypotheses of tax evasion behavior. In addition to the EU model, we analyze expected utility with rank dependent probabilities (EURDP) and the model of reference dependent (RD) preference, the most favorable to overturn Yitzhaki’s puzzle. Our simulations show that a flat-rate tax would barely reduce overall evasion in Italy in all models considered. Redistributive effects are in all cases, large.
Fraud analytics: a research Baesens, B
Journal of Chinese economic and business studies,
01/2023, Volume:
21, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Fraud is as old as humankind and appears in many types and forms. Popular examples are credit card fraud, tax evasion, identity theft, insurance fraud, counterfeit, click fraud, anti-money ...laundering, and payment transaction fraud. In earlier research we defined fraud as an uncommon, well-considered, imperceptibly concealed, time-evolving, and carefully organized crime. Nowadays, fraud is typically tackled using state-of-the-art analytical techniques with many accompanying challenges. It is the purpose of this article to highlight twelve research topics (RTs) that we believe prioritize high on the agenda of contemporary fraud analytics models. We do this by reviewing fraud analytics from a data, model, performance, and deployment perspective.
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