•CCS process and terminologies summarised.•Indian scenario in CCS elucidated, supported with case studies of promising technologies.•Next decade will be crucial for India's CCS operation to initiate ...and succeed.
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is a three-tier process- carbon capture, transport and storage. The capture consists of pre-combustion, oxy-combustion and post-combustion capture. Transport of CO2 is most viable through pipelines. The biotic CO2storage occurs through terrestrial or oceanic pathways and can be simulated naturally or artificially. The abiotic/geologic storage is achieved through sequestering CO2 in depleting/depleted hydrocarbon reserves, in deep saline aquifers or through mineral carbonation. At the district level, 64 out of 641 districts (2013 government reports) accounted for ∼ 60% of the total CO2 emissions. Controlling CO2 emissions comes with the challenge of sustainable socio-economic growth of the country- a demanding task for the economy. Indian organizations have made international collaborations. India holds a substantial geological sequestration potential in its basaltic rocks, coal seams, depleted oil reserves, soils, deep saline aquifers and sedimentary basins. At this point, no carbon capture and storage / clean development mechanism projects are operational in the country. The next 10-15 years would be very crucial for India to attain technological advancement to deploy large-scale CCS projects.
As one of the three major fields of energy consumption, industrial enterprises are under pressure regarding energy saving and emission reduction, and industrial building energy consumption takes up ...more than 50% of the total consumption. Therefore, it is essential for industrial enterprises to develop green industrial buildings to achieve targets for reducing CO2 emissions. This study compared the standard evaluation characteristics for green industrial buildings domestically and abroad. Also, eQUEST and the scenario analysis were adopted to simulate and calculate the energy consumption, energy saving potential, and the energy consumption structure applied to 11 green industrial building projects in Chinese cigarette manufactures. Then, the simulated data and the measured data of the operating projects were compared, and a comprehensive and systematic evaluation was worked out for them. Finally, the problems existing in the operation of the green workshop in cigarette industry enterprises are found out, and the corresponding improvement measures were put forward. Results showed that the application of energy-saving technologies relates to the location, energy-saving targets, and energy-saving efficiency; the higher proportion of the energy consumption for a specific system, the greater potentials of systematic energy saving; Enterprises have all reached the pre-set energy saving targets after the implementation of green workshop projects; The unit comprehensive energy consumption intensity for the most sample enterprises achieve the standard requirements after the technology improvement.
Under the mounting pressure to make changes to become more environmentally friendly and sustainable, port authorities have been exploring effective solutions to reduce CO2 emissions. In this regard, ...alternative fuels, innovative technology, and optimization strategies are key pathways for ports to transition toward a low-carbon pattern. In this review work, the current development status and characteristics of renewable and clean energy in ports were meticulously analyzed. The CO2 emission reduction effects and limitations of port microgrids, carbon capture, and other technological operations were thoroughly examined. Lastly, the emission reduction optimization strategies ports could adopt under different scenarios were evaluated. The research findings showed that (1) combining the characteristics of the port and quantifying the properties of different renewable energy sources and low-carbon fuels is extremely necessary to select suitable alternative energy sources for port development; (2) technological advancements, multi-party interests, and policy impacts were the primary factors influencing the development of emission reduction technology methods; and (3) the coordinated optimization of multiple objectives in cross-scenarios was the main direction for ports to achieve sustainable development. This study provides theoretical guidance to ports that are transitioning to a greener pattern, as well as pointing out future research directions and development spaces for researchers.
For various underground concrete structures (basements, tunnels), which remain permanently in the groundwater, watertight concrete is of increasing importance. Watertight concrete structures have ...several advantages over structures with exterior waterproofing membrane. The design and execution of watertight concrete structures is regulated by guidelines. Although these principles and procedures are widely used, it can be problematic to make them failure-free. The causes of this situation are manifold, but primarily related to the lack of designer’s knowledge and contractor’s technological indiscipline. Considering the importance of leaking separation cracks in terms of serviceability and durability of watertight structures, the contribution analyses constructional, technological and execution measures to reduce the occurrence of failures. Perhaps the paper can contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour and reasons of failures of this advanced technology.
With rich experience of sustainable construction, Sichuan vernacular architectures are gradually formed in a long Construction period, during which the ancient adapt to natural environment and social ...conditioning. This thesis summarizes some ecological characteristics of Sichuan vernacular architectures and refines some sustainable characteristics of architectures construction. By using an empirical approach, the sustainable measures of vernacular architectures are preliminarily summarized. The sustainable experience concerning Sichuan vernacular architectures, such as layout, lightening, ventilation, dehumidification, damp-proof and materials selection of roof, are expected to bring some inspirations to modern community construction.
This research describes such a problem as increasing the productivity of wells and the oil recovery coefficient by conducting various geological and technical measures, which based on correlation, ...regression, and statistical analyzes. These methods allow to analyse a possible interconnection of two or more numbers of indicators, also identifying the problematic well stock, and selecting a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of field development, including various geological and technical measures. Existing systems for processing and interpreting field, geophysical, geological, petrophysical and seismic information allow monitoring development, and effective planning of technical measures makes it possible to optimize development. The most effective planning methods at the moment are methods, the most important element of which is the analysis of the current geological and technological characteristics of the developed objects. A sound analysis requires full-scale modeling, but the processing of large databases is associated with significant labor costs. In this regard, it seems possible to use correlation and regression analysis, allowing to analyze large volumes of available data from previous experience in various processes. The main advantage of this statistical analysis is the simplicity of calculation using software packages like Excel and Statistica. In addition, this approach is also applicable when analyzing the effect of various complications on the efficiency of downhole equipment, for example, the dependence of the overhaul period on the content of solids, paraffins, high gas factor, etc. The most common methods of statistical processing of field data at the moment are both correlation and regression analysis. These are two highly effective methods that allow analyzing large volumes of data to study the possible relationship between two or more indicators. The main advantage of this statistical analysis is the simplicity of calculation using software packages like Excel and Statistica. Examples of this approach are shown.
Digital exploitation of works often exceed the limit to which the holder can control the exploitation of their intellectual creations, and the protection provided by legal norms are, in the era of a ...fast exchange of information, may prove to be insufficiently effective. For these reasons, the rights holders are increasingly opting for preventive care through placement of physical obstacles to the exploitation of copyright works, generic called technological protection measures (known as digital right management (DRM)). Simultaneously with the development of the application of these measures flows the process of finding ways to circumvent them. Therefore, the effectiveness of technological measures depends on exactly the question of their legal protection, which now exists in most of modern legal systems. However, in the normative solutions there are differences, which reflect the problems in finding adequate forms of protection. They mostly stem from the fact that the sanctioning of circumvention (or preparatory actions) of technological measures put into the question the purpose of copyright protection in general. Hence, in this paper we tried to point out the normative solutions accepted in modern legal systems and practical implications of what they have. Conclusion that arises is that the legal shaping of technological measures is not completed and that further technological developments open new dilemmas.
Subway running brings people great convenience, but at the same time, complaints and disputes caused by the subway vibration and noise have occurred repeatedly, the subway vibration and noise ...generated during the operation is a noteworthy environmental problem, noise reduction technology and relatively sound legal has been an institutional system which trend to perfect in foreign countries, however, the specific laws and codes about subway noise is very imperfect in China. This paper focuses on the legal and technical to analysis the reduction of the subway vibration and noise.
This article aims to study the methods of control of the use of the work, identifying the acts of restriction to the use of the work implemented by the technological measures of protection. The aim ...is to analyze the legal regime of technological protection measures implemented in Digital Millennium Copyright and in the scope of the Regulatory Framework of the European Union and verify their impact on the regime of free uses, especially with regard to digital private copying and acts of neutralization Technological protection measures.
Este artigo tem o propósito de estudar os métodos de controle de utilização da obra, identificando os atos de restrição à utilização da obra implementados pelas medidas tecnológicas de proteção. Assim pretende, analisar o regime jurídico das medidas tecnológicas de proteção implementado no Digital Millenium Copyright e no âmbito do Marco Regulatório da União Europeia e verificar os seus impactos no regime de utilizações livres, especialmente no que concerne à cópia privada digital e aos atos de neutralização das medidas tecnológicas de proteção.
La reciente reforma en España del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (TRLPI), no aborda la modificación de su artículo 37, desaprovechando la oportunidad de adecuar dicho precepto a ...las actuales funciones que desarrollan las bibliotecas en la sociedad de la información. El objeto del presente artículo es analizar las razones por las cuales el actual marco legal de los límites a los derechos de autor en favor de las bibliotecas resulta inadecuado en un entorno digital y proponer al legislador español los aspectos fundamentales que debería abordar una ulterior reforma legislativa de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual en esta materia.
The recent reform in Spain of the Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (TRLPI) fails to address the amendment of its article 37, untapped opportunity to adapt the precept to the current role developing libraries in the information society. The object of this article is to analyze the reasons why the current legal framework of limits to copyright for libraries, is inappropriate in a digital environment and propose the Spanish legislator fundamental aspects that should be addressed further legislative reform of the law of intellectual property in this area.
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