The article presents the analysis of compound English and Latin anatomical terms and the analysis of their specific configurations. The oldest language that played a very important role in the ...development of medicine in Europe was Greek. English medical terminology developed from medieval Latin terminology, which had absorbed a developed Greek terminology. Modern anatomical terminology is based on centuries-old tradition and constantly revised knowledge. Most anatomical and clinical terms used in medicine today are Latin or Latinized Greek words, the origin of which can be traced back to the 5th century B.C. In the textbook “Human Anatomy”, M. Prives, V. Bushkovich, and N. Lisenkov offer a progressive view of descriptive, evolutionary, functional, and practical anatomy. Medical terms in the textbook can be basically divided into one-word and multiple-word terms. Anatomical terminology is the foundation of medical terminology, so it is extremely important for physicians and scientists worldwide to use uniform terms for each anatomical entity. Medical terms in the textbook can be basically divided into one-word and multiple-word terms. One-word terms can be simple (underived) words, derived words, compounds, or a combination of derived and compound words. Compound anatomical terms can consist of two-five words. This article focuses on the comparative structural and semantic analysis of the anatomical terms of Latin and English languages. The study reveals some significant coincidences and differences between two-word and three-word Latin and English anatomical terms and their frequency of usage. One of the terminologies of the fields of medical science is analysed using descriptive and comparative methods. A descriptive-analytical method was employed to perform quantitative and qualitative (of specific configurations) analyses.
Abstract This paper has aimed to look into the terms and expressions used in the Jish linguaculture when talking about the deceased. Seventeen such terms and expressions are presented, discussed, and ...explicated using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach. The explications appear in simple, (semi-)universal language, which makes them relatively easily understood and readily translatable into any language. This, in turn, means that the explications are accessible by linguacultural insiders and outsiders. In addition, the study provides anthropologists and linguists with precise analysis owing to its micro-level focus; it investigates the micro-linguaculture of Jish, which belongs to the macro-culture of the Arab world. Lastly, the study documents one aspect of this undocumented linguaculture; this documentation can preserve one part of this linguaculture from fading into oblivion.
This article focuses on the design of a fuzzy adaptive event-triggered sampled-data control (AETSDC) scheme for stabilization of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy memristive neural networks (MNNs) with ...reaction-diffusion terms (RDTs). Different from the existing T-S fuzzy MNNs, the reaction and diffusion phenomena are considered, which make the presented model more applicable. A fuzzy AETSDC scheme is proposed for the first time, in which different AETSDC mechanisms will be applied for different fuzzy rules. For each fuzzy rule, the corresponding AETSDC mechanism can be promptly adaptively adjusted based on the current and last sampled signals. So the fuzzy AETSDC scheme can effectively save the limited communication resources for the considered system. By introducing a suitable Lyapunov- Krasovskii functional, new stability and stabilization criteria are established for T-S fuzzy MNNs with RDTs. Meanwhile, the desired fuzzy AETSDC gains are obtained. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the superiority of the fuzzy AETSDC scheme and the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Placed at the intersection of semantics and pragmatics, the concept of semantic prosody has been associated with various notions including evaluative meaning, attitudinal meaning and connotations, ...and there is no agreement among researchers as to its definition and operationalization. In this critical-reflection theoretical paper, we provide an overview of collocational and discoursal approaches to semantic prosody, which we treat as distinct and, at the same time, complementary. Furthermore, we suggest that the semantic prosody can be conceptualised as an interaction between a source and a target term, where the target term has a descriptive semantic content, and it receives its evaluative meaning from the source term, which can be either only evaluative (thin) or both evaluative and descriptive (thick). Next, we propose that the source of semantic prosody can be accounted for in terms of value judgments. In particular, a value judgment that a speaker ascribes to the factual content of a term is always relative to a certain kind of standard. Thus, our proposal supports the view that the speaker's stance, manifested in value judgments that they ascribe to terms, can be considered as a source of semantic prosody.
•We propose a new theoretical reading of semantic prosody grounded in the philosophy of language.•We argue that semantic prosody arises as a result of interaction between thin and thick terms.•We argue that the semantics of expressions that have semantic prosody can be understood in terms of value judgments.•We argue that value judgements ascribed by speakers to expressions are relative to a culturally-marked kind of standard.•Our proposal supports both the collocational and discoursal views of semantic prosody.
Abstract
Social Media is an arena in recent times for people to share their perspectives on a variety of topics. Most of the social interactions are through the Social Media. Though all the Online ...Social Networks allow users to express their views and opinions in many forms like audio, video, text etc, the most popular form of expression is text, Emoticons and Emojis. The work presented in this paper aims at detecting the sentiments expressed in the Social Media posts. The Machine Learning Models namely Bernoulli Bayes, Multinomial Bayes, Regression and SVM were implemented. All these models were trained and tested with Twitter Data sets. Users on Twitter express their opinions in the form of tweets with limited characters. Tweets also contain Emoticons and Emojis therefore Twitter data sets are best suited for the sentiment analysis. The effect of emoticons present in the tweet is also analyzed. The models are first trained only with the text and then they are trained with text and emoticon in the tweet. The performance of all the four models in both cases are tested and the results are presented in the paper.
The paper analyses the process of creating a Croatian gamification glossary. Gamification is a relatively new term, and many papers about its implementation and effects are written yearly. ...Gamification is closely linked to video games, from which it borrows many elements. The evolution of video games as a medium leads to the development of gamification as a process. New terms denoting gamification elements and game types constantly appear. Most of these new terms are not yet defined in lexicographic sources, and some are not translated into other languages, including Croatian. That was the motivation for the creation of the Croatian gamification glossary. It records existing terms and definitions and translates and defines new terms. Creating a glossary is broken down into steps that explain how terms have been selected, categorized, translated, and defined using reliable sources and the corpus created by the author, and how the Glossary is published online. The process of creating the gamification corpus and translating terms is explained in detail. The difficult-to-translate terms and definitions are extracted and highlighted for future research.
Rad opisuje proces izrade igrifikacijskoga pojmovnika za hrvatski jezik. Igrifikacija je novi pojam te godišnje nastaje više radova koji se odnose na implementaciju i učinke igrifikacije. Igrifikacija je usko povezana s videoigrama od kojih preuzima mnoge elemente te razvoj videoigara kao medija dovodi i do razvoja igrifikacije kao procesa. Time dolazi do pojave novih naziva i pojmova povezanih s igrifikacijskim elementima i tipovima igara. Neki od novih naziva još nisu definirani u leksikografskim izvorima i većina nije prevedena na druge jezike uključujući i hrvatski. To je bio poticaj za izradu hrvatskoga igrifikacijskog pojmovnika. U pojmovniku se prikupljaju postojeći engleski nazivi s njihovim prijevodima na hrvatski i definicijama. Novi nazivi zapisuju se s novostvorenim prijevodima i definicijama. Proces izrade pojmovnika prikazan je s pomoću koraka koji objašnjavaju izbor naziva, njihovu kategorizaciju, prijevode, izbor pouzdanih izvora i korpusa koji pomažu pri njihovu definiranju te postupak objavljivanja pojmovnika na mreži kako bi bio javno dostupan. U radu se analizira i postupak izrade igrifikacijskoga korpusa te objašnjavaju razlozi za prevođenje određenih novih naziva. Nazivi koje je bilo teže prevesti ili definirati izdvojeni su za daljnja istraživanja.
A superposition is an operation of terms by which we substitute each variable within a term with other forms of terms. With more options of terms to be replaced, an inductive superposition is ...apparently more general than the superposition. This comes with a downside that it does not satisfy the superassociative property on the set of all terms of a given type while the superposition does. A derived base set of terms on which the inductive superposition is superassociative is given in this paper. A clone-like algebraic structure involving such base set and superposition is the main topic of this paper. Generating systems of the clone-like algebra are characterized and it turns out that the algebra is only free with respect to itself under the certain selections of fixed terms concerning its inductive superposition or the specific type of its base set.
•We propose a new term weighting methods for accurate web pages classification.•The schemes consider the absent terms count in calculating existing terms’ weights.•We benchmarked the proposed schemes ...using several famous datasets, and classifiers.•The significance of our results is shown using the Wilcoxson and paired-sample T-Test.•The proposed (mTF) scheme has outperformed other benchmarked schemes significantly.
With the rapid growth of textual content on the Internet, automatic text categorization is a comparatively more effective solution in information organization and knowledge management. Feature selection, one of the basic phases in statistical-based text categorization, crucially depends on the term weighting methods In order to improve the performance of text categorization, this paper proposes four modified frequency-based term weighting schemes namely; mTF, mTFIDF, TFmIDF, and mTFmIDF. The proposed term weighting schemes take the amount of missing terms into account calculating the weight of existing terms. The proposed schemes show the highest performance for a SVM classifier with a micro-average F1 classification performance value of 97%. Moreover, benchmarking results on Reuters-21578, 20Newsgroups, and WebKB text-classification datasets, using different classifying algorithms such as SVM and KNN show that the proposed schemes mTF, mTFIDF, and mTFmIDF outperform other weighting schemes such as TF, TFIDF, and Entropy. Additionally, the statistical significance tests show a significant enhancement of the classification performance based on the modified schemes.
PDF
