Haploids are plants (sporophytes) that contain a gametic chromomosome number (n). They rarely occur spontaneously in nature but several techniques are nowadays available for their production. ...Induction and regeneration of haploids (doubled haploids) enables the production of completely homozygous lines in one generation, thus shortening this process by many years. They are broadly used in breeding programs of plant species for which efficient protocols have been developed, such as barley, wheat, maize, tobacco, onion, cucumber, rapeseed and other Brassica species. This article presents the main characteristics of haploids, doubled haploids and inducing techniques, with an emphasis on their role in plant breeding.
Somaclonal variation has become common for many plant species including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). The present study was aimed to compare the morphological and yield characters of tissue ...culture derived and field grown soybean cultivar CO-3 (Coimbatore-3). With respect to the plants derived from tissue culture, the morphological characters such as length of roots, shoots, petioles, internodal region, number of leaf nodes, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots and yield contributing characters length of pods, number of flowers/ node, number of pods/ node, number of pods/ plant, number of seed aborted fruits and number of seeds/ pod were significantly (p>0.05) varied from parent or field grown plants, except seed yield. Even the variation was observed in both the type of plants, since the difference was not too large. We conclude that tissue culture technique is not detrimental for plant growth and performance and which is widely used in many genetic engineering techniques.
Somaklonska variabilnost je pri soji (Glycine max (L.) Merr) in mnogih drugih rastlinah med uporabljanimi viri genske variabilnosti. Namen te raziskave je bil preveriti pojavljanje variabilnosti med rastlinami dobljenimi iz tkivnih kultur pri soji cv. CO3 (Coimbatore 3). Avtorji so primerjali regenerirane rastline s kontrolnimi rastlinami. Ugotovili so vrsto značilnih razlik pri morfoloških lastnostih, nas primer glede na dolžino korenin, poganjkov, petiol, internodijev in strokov. Poleg teh lastnosti so bile tudi razlike glede na število olistanih nodijev, število cvetov na nodij, strokov na nodij, strokov na rastlino, stevilo semen na strok, svežo in suho teža listov in korenin značilne (p>0.05), razlike pa niso bile značilne glede na pridelek rastlin. Ker razlike niso bile velike, avtorji ugotavljajo, da spremembe zaradi somaklonske variabilnosti niso nujno škodljive za rastline. To je pomembno, saj se tehniko tkivnih kultur široko uporablja pri uporabi metod genskega inženiringa.
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