Crna topola ( Populus nigra L.) je jedna od najznačajnijih europskih vrsta drveća koja nastanjuje aluvijalna staništa uz obale velikih rijeka. Danas je jedna od najugroženijih vrsta šumskog drveća ...zbog devastacije staništa, regulacije riječnih tokova, i pretjerane ekspolatacije, kao i unošenja alohtonih vrsta drveća s kojima je hibridizirala. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi varijabilnost morfoloških svojstava listova crne topole unutar i između klonova autohtonih populacija i hibrida, te između riječnih slivova u Bosni i Hercegovini, kako bi se učinkovitije pristupilo zaštiti i oplemenjivanju ove vrste.Istraživan je materijal iz klonskog arhiva crnih topola. Arhiv je osnovan 2005. godine u Žepču, od klonova sa 161 stabla autohtonih crnih topola iz 26 populacija širom Bosne i Hercegovine (iz slivova 6 rijeka) te 15 hibridnih vrsta topola. Mjereno je po 5 listova od svakoga klona, a uziman je peti list od vrha glavnog izbojka. Mjerenje je vršeno digitalnim pomičnim mjerilom sa preciznošću od 0.1mm i kutomjerom. Mjereni su: dužina plojke, širina plojke, dužina peteljke, ukupna dužina lista, ugao insercije prvog bočnog nerva i centralnog nerva, udaljenost između najšireg dijela lista i baze lista, broj zubaca u dužini od 1cm iznad najšireg dijela lista. Podaci su obrađeni korištenjem SPSS 26.0 i EXCEL-a, i to prema populacijama i prema slivovima rijeka.Analizom varijance utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih populacija, kao i između slivova rijeka, za sva istraživana svojstva. Najveću varijabilnost pokazalo je svojstvo dužine peteljke, a najmanju kut insercije prvog bočnog i centralnog nerva. Populacija dlakavih crnih topola Čapljina ima najmanje dimenzije listova i značajno odstupa u svim mjerenim svojstvima od ostalih. Najčešći broj zubaca na 1cm lisnog ruba je 4 zupca koji se pojavljuje na 38,3% listova. Ovo istraživanje daje mali uvid u morfološke karakteristike crnih topola u klonskom arhivu Žepče, te može predstavljati osnovu za daljnja istraživanja u cilju potpunijeg razumijevanja svojstava crnih topola potrebnih za uspješan nastavak rada na oplemenjivanju ove vrste.
Black poplar ( Populus nigra L.) is one of the most important European tree species, inhabiting alluvial habitats along the banks of large rivers. Today, it is one of the most endangered species of forest trees due to habitat devastation, regulation of river flows, excessive exploitation, and the introduction of non-native tree species with which it hybridized. This study aims to determine the variability of morphological properties of black poplar leaves n Bosnia and Herzegovina, within and among populations, and among river basins. Material from the clonal archive of black poplars was researched. The archive was founded in 2005 in Žepče. It contains clones from 161 trees of indigenous black poplars from 26 populations throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the basins of 6 rivers) and 15 hybrid poplar species (table 1 and table 2).Ten leaves were collected from each clone by taking the fifth leaf from the top of the main shoot. Five leaves from each clone were measured. The measurement was performed with a digital movable scale with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and a protractor. The following traits were measured: leaf blade length, leaf blade width, petiole length, total leaf length, the angle between the first lateral nerve and central nerve, and distance from the leaf base to the widest part of the leaf. The number of teeth on one cm above the widest part of the leaf was counted. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 and EXCEL by populations and river basins.Analysis of variance revealed that there are statistically significant differences among the studied populations (table 4), as well as among river basins (table 7), for all investigated traits. The petiole length trait showed the highest variability, and the lowest variability had the insertion angle of the first lateral and central nerve (table 3). The clones of population of hairy black poplars Čapljina had the lowest values of leaf traits and differed significantly in all measured properties from the others. The most common number of teeth per 1 cm of leaf edge for all populations was four teeth (figure 2), which appeared on 38.3% of leaves.This research gives us a small insight into the morphological characteristics of black poplars in the clone archive Žepče and can be the basis for further researches of the traits of black poplars needed for a successful continuation of work on breeding this species.
Wycinka Baobabu na placu Litewskim Czajkowski, Tomasz. Nagr; Lasota, Piotr. Nagr; Ląkocy-Sulej, Agnieszka. Montaż
05/2017
Video Recording
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Topola czarna zwana Baobabem została ścięta rankiem 23 maja 2017 roku. W materiale widoczny jest końcowy ...etap usuwania głównego pnia topoli.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Sixteen early and middle Albian bivalve species, belonging to fourteen genera, eleven families and seven orders, and one brachiopod species are systematically described from the Mitrovčić section ...near Topola (Oplenac Hill), Vardar Zone of central Serbia. Four bivalve species: Acesta subrigida (Roemer, 1836), Acesta cf. dorbignyana (Mathéron, 1843), Neithea (Neithea) sexcostata (S. Woodward, 1833), “Cardium” cottaldinum d'Orbigny, 1844, and one terebratulide species, Praelongithyris rogeri Gaspard, 1974 are recorded from the lower and middle Albian rocks of central Serbia for the first time. The section comprises reddish ferruginous calcareous sandstones that are assigned to the lower Albian as indicated by the presence of the ammonite Douvilleiceras mammillatum (Schlotheim), while yellowish sandy wackestones/packstones located below the late Albian Mortoniceras (M.) inflatum (J. Sowerby), are middle Albian in age. Most of the identified bivalve taxa have a Tethyan affinity and seem to be closest to faunas from western and eastern Europe. This indicates that these regions were close to Serbia during the early–middle Albian. The occurrences of some of these Tethyan bivalves at the northern and western Pacific coast of South America and southern coast of North America is explained by dispersal through the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean during the Albian (Proto-North Atlantic Ocean). Meanwhile, the occurrence of some other Albian taxa along the eastern coast of South America (South Atlantic) was probably a result of the opening of the equatorial Atlantic gateway during that time. The faunas are not endemic, indicating that the larvae were long-lived and possessed a high dispersal potential, facilitated by seaways during the Albian.
Europska crna topola (
Populus nigra
L.) u Europi predstavlja jednu od ekološki najznačajnijih vrsta šumskog drveća ritskih šuma, a u nekim zemljama ona je i od gospodarskog značenja. U Bosni i ...Hercegovini, uz europsku crnu topolu raste i dlakava crna topola (
Populus nigra
subsp.
caudina
). Ovoj vrsti nije se u prošlosti poklanjao značajan interes, dok se danas intenzivno radi na njezinom očuvanju i revitalizaciji prirodnih sastojina, iako ima zemalja gdje je i dalje marginalizirana.
U Bosni i Hercegovini postoji dobar potencijal za osnivanje topolovih šuma, a prema posljednjoj inventuri raspolaže se s površinom od oko 40 000 ha gdje mogu rasti topole, u malim čistim sastojinama ili većinom u mješovitim sastojinama s vrbom i drugim hidrofilnim vrstama drveća. Za molekularnu analizu koristili smo deset mikrosatelitskih početnica, odnosno analizirali smo deset genskih lokusa, s ukupno 422 alela u svim istraživanim populacijama, a sadržavali su 17 specifičnih alela.
Broj alela po genskim lokusima za istraživane populacije kretao se od 1 do 17. Stvarna i teorijska heterozigotnost bila je najniža u populaciji Neretva, dok je najveća vrijednost bila u populaciji gornjeg toka Bosne. Fiksacijski indeks u svim populacijama bio je pozitivan i blizu nule, što ukazuje na dobru stabilnost istraživanih populacija, osim kod populacije Neretva, gdje su više vrijednosti upućivale na prisutnost inbridinga. Najveću genetsku diferencijaciju uz odsutnost protoka gena također pokazuje populacija Neretve, za razliku od ostalih istraživanih populacija. Dobiveni rezultati omogućuju preporuku potrebnih mjera za očuvanje genetskih izvora, te obnovu i uporabu klonskog šumskog reprodukcijskog materijala crnih topola u Bosni i Hercegovini.
European black poplar represents one of the ecologically most important tree species of alluvial forest association. In some countries, the potential of this species for forest management is significant. As in most countries of central Europe they have been drawn back in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past and this has remained to date. In the present conditions in BiH, there is a potential to established and grow poplar forests on areas of 40,000ha, in small pure units and mainly mixed with willow and other hydrophilic species. As a peculiarity in BiH, beside black poplar there is a population of hairy black poplar (
P. nigra
subsp
. caudina
).
To protect the genetic resources of
Populus nigra
in BiH, a clonal archive with 163 clones selected in several autochthonous localities has been established at the location žepče. In total 141 of these clones were sampled for genotyping with 10 microsatellite markers. According to their origin, they were assigned to 11 populations with respect to the catchment areas of the main rivers.
The aim of the study is to describe genetic structure, diversity and differentiation of populations of black poplar from the river deltas in BiH, and to emphasize the importance of knowledge of these structures in the processes of regeneration and conservation of this species.
Sample sizes of the populations are in general very small, they reach from seven with only three different genotypes (upper stream of Vrbas river) to 20 with 19 genotypes (in upper stream Bosna river). Consequently, the number of detected alleles over 10 loci is lowest in population upper stream Vrbas with 29 and highest in upper stream Bosna river with 81 alleles.
Beside population upper stream Vrbas with only three genotypes, low values of genetic multiplicity and lowest values of genetic diversity shows population lower stream Neretva, although represented by 14 multilocus genotypes. The observed as well as the expected heterozygosity are much lower in this population than in all other populations, too. This special structure might occur due to its isolated location and the fact, that this is the population with the hairy black poplars. By means of cluster analysis, it is demonstrated that the genetic structures of this population apparently differs from the others, but differences between the river populations are also indicated.
The parameters of genetic variation of all other populations are in a similar range. The values of genetic distance and differentiation between populations show, that differences between the populations from the same river are on average smaller than between populations from different rivers and that the three populations from the river Bosna represent the gene pool of black poplar in BiH best. After exclusion of the two extreme populations, a principal coordinate analysis based on genetic distances illustrates that more clearly.
These results can be used as a basis for planning and realization of measures for the conservation of the genetic resources of black poplar in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The depositional environments and hydrocarbon potential of the siliciclastic, clayey and carbonate sediments from the Middle Miocene succession in the Varna-Balchik Depression, located in the ...south-eastern parts of the Moesian Platform, were studied using core and outcrop samples. Based on the lithology and resistivity log the succession is subdivided from base to top into five units. Siliciclastic sedimentation prevailed in the lower parts of units I and II, whereas their upper parts are dominated by carbonate rocks. Unit III is represented by laminated clays and biodetritic limestone. Units IV and V are represented by aragonitic sediments and biomicritic limestones, correlated with the Upper Miocene Topola and Karvuna Formations, respectively. Biogenic silica in the form of diatom frustules and sponge spicules correlates subunit IIa and unit III to the lower and upper parts of the Middle Miocene Euxinograd Formation. Both (sub)units contain organic carbon contents in the order of 1 to 2 wt. % (median: 0.8 for subunit IIa; 1.3 for unit III), locally up to 4 wt. %. Based on Hydrogen Index values (HI) and alkane distribution pattern, the kerogen is mainly type II in subunit IIa (average HI= 324 mg HC/g TOC) and type III in unit III (average HI ~200 mg HC/g TOC). TOC and Rock Eval data show that subunit IIa holds a fair (to good) hydrocarbon generative potential for oil, whereas the upper 5 m of unit III holds a good (to fair) potential with the possibility to generate gas and minor oil. The rocks of both units are immature in the study area. Generally low sulphur contents are probably due to deposition in environments with reduced salinity. Normal marine conditions are suggested for unit III. Biomarker composition is typical for mixed marine and terrestrial organic matter and suggests deposition in dysoxic to anoxic environments.
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Multimedialna narracja o Ogrodzie Saskim w Lublinie. Publikacja zrealizowana w ramach działania ...finansowanego przez Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Posljednjih nekoliko godina harvesteri se sve više koriste u sastojinama listopadnih vrsta drveća. Korištenje harvestera u Srbiji počelo je 2008. godine sa John Deere 1470D Eco III i služio je za ...sječu stabala i proizvodnju drvnih sortimenata u nasadima topola u nizinskom području. Cilj ovoga rada je odrediti maksimalnu dobit angažiranjem harvestera u zadanim uvjetima, kao i utvrditi ukupne troškove sredstava. Harvester je postigao ukupno 18,392 strojna sata (MH), s prosjekom od 1,415 sati godišnje. Prosječna potrošnja goriva tijekom cijelog razdoblja iznosila je 16.3 l/h, odnosno 0.76 l/m3. Najveći trošak rezervnih dijelova bio je u 6. godini (oko 66,000 eura) i u 12. godini (oko 82,000 eura). Ukupni troškovi rezervnih dijelova i usluga bili su 656,878 eura. Na temelju planiranja da je broj radnih dana u godini 200, dobiva se razdoblje amortizacije od 7 godina (točka presjeka tekućeg i prosječnog rasta dobiti). Ova informacija nam govori da bismo nakon 7. godine trebali harvester prodati i kupiti novi. No, ovo su samo početna istraživanja, koja će se nastaviti s podacima o nekoliko harvestera, koji su u međuvremenu nabavljeni.
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Artykuł Euzebiusza Maja poświęcony historii i dziedzictwu kulturowemu topoli czarnej zwanej potocznie ...baobabem, który do 2017 roku rósł na placu Litewskim w Lublinie.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Celuloza se najčešće proizvodi kraft postupkom koji je povezan s nekoliko ekoloških problema. Kako bi se ti problemi prevladali, istražene su ekološki prihvatljive metode proizvodnje celuloze. ...Posljednjih su godina duboka eutektička otapala (DES) prepoznata kao ekološki prihvatljivi reagensi za preradu lignoceluloznih materijala u budućnosti. U ovom je radu istraživana uporaba DES-a u proizvodnji celuloze od sječke drva europske crne topole. DES smjesa pripremljena je od kolin-klorida (ChCl) i etilen-glikola (EG). Osim toga, tradicionalnim je natronskim i kraft postupkom proizvedena celuloza od sječke drva topole radi usporedbe s celulozom proizvedenom s dodatkom DES smjese. Utvrđeno je da je celuloza proizvedena od sječke drva topole uz upotrebu DES-a u smislu prinosa, viskoznosti i neprozirnosti usporediva s celulozom dobivenom natronskim i kraft postupkom. Celuloza proizvedena uz dodatak DES-a lako je dosegnula ciljani stupanj slobode celuloze. Međutim, svojstva čvrstoće i svjetlina celuloze proizvedene uz dodatak DES-a bili su lošiji od tih svojstava natronske i kraft celuloze. Svojstva čvrstoće DES celuloze mogu se poboljšati pojačivačima čvrstoće papira kao što su škrob i mikrofibrilirana ili nanofibrilirana celuloza. Osim toga, upotreba DES-a u proizvodnji celuloze može imati važan doprinos čišćoj proizvodnji i čini zeleniju alternativu tradicionalnim metodama proizvodnje celuloze.
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