Son yirmi yılın sanatını tanımlamak için belli bir terim olmasa da, birkaç baskın özellik öne çıkmaktadır: anıtsalcılık, deneyselcilik ve sansasyonculuk. Bu özellikler aynı zamanda güncel kültür ...endüstrisinin de özellikleridir. Çağdaş sanatta büyük boyutlu sanat yapıtlarının yaygınlaşması, yüce kavramının yeniden düşünülmesine ve günümüzde kazandığı anlamlarının yeniden değerlendirilmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu makale, Longinus, Burke, Kant ve Hartmann'ın perspektiflerinden günümüze, yüce kavramının dönüşümünü tartışma açmayı ve büyük boyutlu çağdaş sanat yapıtlarının dinamikleriyle yüce arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmeyi ve k"tsch-yücenin ortaya çıkış nedenlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlar.
The ability to introduce individual molecules of plasmid DNA into cells by transformation has been of central importance to the recent rapid advancement of plasmid biology and to the development of ...DNA cloning methods. Molecular genetic manipulation of bacteria requires the development of plasmid-mediated transformation systems that include (1) chemical transformation, (2) electro-transformation, (3) biolistic transformation, and (4) sonic transformation, leading to the introduction of exogenous plasmid DNA into bacterial cells. In this review, the manipulation properties and transformation efficiencies of these techniques are described. In addition to these methods, a conceptually novel transformation technique, namely the hydrogel exposure method, was developed. The hydrogel exposure method, based on the Yoshida effect, provides a significant advance over chemical means for transforming many strains of Escherichia coli and a variety of other bacterial species. The new term “tribos transformation” has been proposed for this novel technique. We also determined that, compared to conventional methods, the hydrogel exposure method is a novel and convenient method by which to transform bacteria.
Le catastrophisme né des enjeux écologiques peut-il être pensé comme apocalyptique ? Tel semble être le cas pour un réseau franco-suisse de « collapsologues » qui anticipent non pas la fin du monde ...mais la fin d'un monde ouvrant sur une nouvelle civilisation. Ils insistent sur la nécessité de mener une transformation intérieure, au croisement de l'écologie et des spiritualités alternatives, en explorant des pratiques de reconnexion à soi, au vivant et à la Terre associées au New Age. Cette écologie spirituelle peut en effet être interprétée comme une résurgence apocalyptique de ce courant, dont la dimension millénariste était présente dès l'origine.
Wissen im Dialog Sehmer, Julian; Marks, Svenja; Thole, Werner
Sozial extra,
01/2019, Volume:
43, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Die Autor_innen gehen der Frage nach, was in der Sozialen Arbeit unter dem Theorie-Praxis-Problem verstanden wird und wie dieses bearbeitet werden kann. Auf der Basis der Erkenntnisse der ...Verwendungsforschung wird in den Blick genommen, wie es gelingen kann, Wissen zwischen Wissenschafts- und Handlungspraxis zu kommunizieren und dieses jeweils zu transformieren. Ausgehend von den dargelegten Überlegungen wird für eine Konzeption des Austauschs als dialogischer Transformation von Wissen plädiert, in der auch die Handlungspraxis als Ort der Generierung gleichrangigen Wissens anerkannt wird.
Almost 40 years ago the first transgenic plant was generated through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which, until now, remains the method of choice for gene delivery into plants. ...Ever since, optimized Agrobacterium strains have been developed with additional (genetic) modifications that were mostly aimed at enhancing the transformation efficiency, although an optimized strain also exists that reduces unwanted plasmid recombination. As a result, a collection of very useful strains has been created to transform a wide variety of plant species, but has also led to a confusing Agrobacterium strain nomenclature. The latter is often misleading for choosing the best-suited strain for one's transformation purposes. To overcome this issue, we provide a complete overview of the strain classification. We also indicate different strain modifications and their purposes, as well as the obtained results with regard to the transformation process sensu largo. Furthermore, we propose additional improvements of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation process and consider several worthwhile modifications, for instance, by circumventing a defense response in planta. In this regard, we will discuss pattern-triggered immunity, pathogen-associated molecular pattern detection, hormone homeostasis and signaling, and reactive oxygen species in relationship to Agrobacterium transformation. We will also explore alterations that increase agrobacterial transformation efficiency, reduce plasmid recombination, and improve biocontainment. Finally, we recommend the use of a modular system to best utilize the available knowledge for successful plant transformation.
Summary
We have discovered a novel bacterium, Ochrobactrum haywardense H1 (Oh H1), which is capable of efficient plant transformation. Ochrobactrum is a new host for Agrobacterium‐derived vir and ...T‐DNA‐mediated transformation. Oh H1 is a unique, non‐phytopathogenic species, categorized as a BSL‐1 organism. We engineered Oh H1 with repurposed Agrobacterium virulence machinery and demonstrated Oh H1 can transform numerous dicot species and at least one monocot, sorghum. We generated a cysteine auxotrophic Oh H1‐8 strain containing a binary vector system. Oh H1‐8 produced transgenic soybean plants with an efficiency 1.6 times that of Agrobacterium strain AGL1 and 2.9 times that of LBA4404Thy‐. Oh H1‐8 successfully transformed several elite Corteva soybean varieties with T0 transformation frequency up to 35%. In addition to higher transformation efficiencies, Oh H1‐8 generated high‐quality, transgenic events with single‐copy, plasmid backbone‐free insertion at frequencies higher than AGL1. The SpcN selectable marker gene is excised using a heat shock‐inducible excision system resulting in marker‐free transgenic events. Approximately, 24.5% of the regenerated plants contained only a single copy of the transgene and contained no vector backbone. There were no statistically significant differences in yield comparing T3 null‐segregant lines to wild‐type controls. We have demonstrated that Oh H1‐8, combined with spectinomycin selection, is an efficient, rapid, marker‐free and yield‐neutral transformation system for elite soybean.
Summary
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, the fifth most important cereal worldwide, is a multi‐use crop for feed, food, forage and fuel. To enhance the sorghum and other important crop plants, ...establishing gene function is essential for their improvement. For sorghum, identifying genes associated with its notable abiotic stress tolerances requires a detailed molecular understanding of the genes associated with those traits. The limits of this knowledge became evident from our earlier in‐depth sorghum transcriptome study showing that over 40% of its transcriptome had not been annotated. Here, we describe a full spectrum of tools to engineer, edit, annotate and characterize sorghum’s genes. Efforts to develop those tools began with a morphogene‐assisted transformation (MAT) method that led to accelerated transformation times, nearly half the time required with classical callus‐based, non‐MAT approaches. These efforts also led to expanded numbers of amenable genotypes, including several not previously transformed or historically recalcitrant. Another transformation advance, termed altruistic, involved introducing a gene of interest in a separate Agrobacterium strain from the one with morphogenes, leading to plants with the gene of interest but without morphogenes. The MAT approach was also successfully used to edit a target exemplary gene, phytoene desaturase. To identify single‐copy transformed plants, we adapted a high‐throughput technique and also developed a novel method to determine transgene independent integration. These efforts led to an efficient method to determine gene function, expediting research in numerous genotypes of this widely grown, multi‐use crop.
Abstract / Das Wichtigste in KürzeDer Artikel greift die allgegenwärtigen Debatten zur „digitalen Transformation“ auf und möchte diese gesellschaftspolitisch einordnen. Ausgehend von den ...Veränderungen in Öffentlichkeit und Politik, Lebens- und Arbeitswelt sollen nicht nur bildungs- und sozialpolitische Herausforderungen markiert, sondern auch Fragen nach dem Wert Sozialer Arbeit in einer digitalen Gesellschaft diskutiert werden.
PDF