Translating traditional cuisine terms from the source language to the target language needs to be conducted appropriately to avoid the loss of meaning. In this sense, comprehending the procedures ...used to translate traditional cuisine terms can provide more insights for translators and educators in the translation field. Hence, the current research examined the procedures used in translating a set of Indonesian traditional food terms into English. This study used a qualitative descriptive research design with an emphasis on cultural analysis. The present study applied Newmark's typology of translation procedures to analyze a series of translated texts of Indonesian traditional food on a website. The results suggest that seven translation procedures (descriptive equivalent, literal translation, expansion, functional equivalent, cultural equivalent, and couplets) were used to translate the data. Furthermore, the results imply that the use of translation procedures as well as the translator’s ideology have a significant impact on the translation results. In addition, it is significant for a translator to know the cultures of the target language and the source language to render appropriate translation results that can be understood by the intended readers. Besides that, it seems important for researchers to investigate the reasons behind the translators’ preferences in choosing certain procedures to develop translation texts in the target language.
This article provides a study of the French translation of Rodari’s Grammatica della Fantasia by Roger Salomon. Besides analysing the translator’s peritexts (translator’s notes, appendix), we dwell ...on examples of addition of elements in the target text. While translation terminology distinguishes, often critically, between addition and amplification, sometimes it may be difficult to evaluate the motivations and legitimacy of the translator's procedure: hence the need to combine translatological, paratextual and archival data in research on translation and translation genetics.
Abstract
This study deals with English synthetic compounds ending in
-er
, such as
heartbreaker,
time-killer
, and
bodybuilder
, and their Italian equivalents. Synthetic compounds are very productive
...in Germanic languages (e.g. E.
heartbreaker
, G.
Herzensbrecher
, D.
hartenbreker
), but virtually absent in Romance languages, where various morphological forms and word-formation
strategies are used to render the same concepts (cf. It.
rubacuori
, Sp.
rompecorazones
, Fr.
tombeur
). The analysis of English synthetic compounds still remains a controversial topic in morphological
accounts, with a lively theoretical debate between two mutually exclusive hypotheses, i.e. whether synthetic compounds have to be
analyzed as derivations (i.e.
heart break
-er
) or as compounds (i.e.
heart
break-er
). In word-formation, they are part of transitional morphology, i.e.
they have an ambivalent status between derivation and compounding. This study explores a collection of about 100 English synthetic
compounds drawn from the
English Lexicon Project
database and compares them with their possible Italian
renditions. The contrastive analysis mainly aims at highlighting differences between the two morphological systems (cf. E.
time-killer
/It.
passatempo
). Moreover, the study examines the translation procedures used to
render English synthetic compounds in OPUS2 Italian. Corpus-based results confirm that English and Italian display
language-specific constructions which may result in mis- or under-translation.
In response to the ever-growing globalization and intercultural exchange, the cultural aspects of translation are of the utmost importance. This article aims to examine and compare the translation ...procedures and strategies used to render culture-specific items, particularly realia and irrealia, in non-fiction and fiction texts. Realia, being culture-bound concepts in the real world, and irrealia, denoting similar concepts but in a fictional world, are challenging for translators since they have deep cultural ties. This study involves a translation analysis, comparative analysis, descriptive methods, and frequency calculations. This study employs a dataset of 400 culture-specific vocabulary items from the non-fiction book by L. Johnson What Foreigners Need to Know about America from A to Z and the apocalyptic novel Seveneves by N. Stephenson and their translations into Ukrainian. The analysis reveals that realia and irrealia are translated by employing different procedures, with calque being a popular choice for realia and contextual synonyms for irrealia. Notably, translation through neologisms has been found only in irrealia. Despite the contrast in translation procedures, both realia and irrealia were predominantly translated using a domestication strategy, boosting Ukrainian readers' cultural comprehension.
This study aimed at investigating the untranslatable cultural terms found in the novel from English into Indonesian since not all cultural terms in Source Text can be fully transferred into Target ...Text as well as the translator’s decision to overcome the problem of untranslatability since English and Indonesian have very different cultural concepts. This study was a data-driven study by using The Secret Garden’s novel written by Burnett (1911/2019) as the Source Text (ST) and its Indonesian translation by Kusumawardani (2020) (under the same title) as the Target Text (TT). The data were analyzed by using descriptive-mix-comparative methods that combined the theory of Newmark’s (1988) cultural terms categorization and Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures. As a result, to overcome the problem of cultural untranslatability, the translator frequently employs transference, naturalization, and notes procedures. From in-depth analysis, transference by retaining the SL’s cultures in the TL is used to avoid mistranslation because the lacks a formally corresponding feature. Naturalization is used by adapting the SL cultural-specific words to the TL's normal pronunciation and morphology because there are designation similarities in both the SL and the TL. Meanwhile, notes in the form of in-text annotations and footnotes were used to strengthen the translator's role by highlighting her in the translation results. Nevertheless, notes are commonly used in conjunction with naturalization to reduce strangeness, as leaving too many untranslatable cultural references weakens the translation result.
This study aimed at investigating the untranslatable cultural terms found in the novel from English into Indonesian since not all cultural terms in Source Text can be fully transferred into Target ...Text as well as the translator’s decision to overcome the problem of untranslatability since English and Indonesian have very different cultural concepts. This study was a data-driven study by using The Secret Garden’s novel written by Burnett (1911/2019) as the Source Text (ST) and its Indonesian translation by Kusumawardani (2020) (under the same title) as the Target Text (TT). The data were analyzed by using descriptive-mix-comparative methods that combined the theory of Newmark’s (1988) cultural terms categorization and Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures. As a result, to overcome the problem of cultural untranslatability, the translator frequently employs transference, naturalization, and notes procedures. From in-depth analysis, transference by retaining the SL’s cultures in the TL is used to avoid mistranslation because the lacks a formally corresponding feature. Naturalization is used by adapting the SL cultural-specific words to the TL's normal pronunciation and morphology because there are designation similarities in both the SL and the TL. Meanwhile, notes in the form of in-text annotations and footnotes were used to strengthen the translator's role by highlighting her in the translation results. Nevertheless, notes are commonly used in conjunction with naturalization to reduce strangeness, as leaving too many untranslatable cultural references weakens the translation result.
This study aimed at investigating the untranslatable cultural terms found in the novel from English into Indonesian since not all cultural terms in Source Text can be fully transferred into Target ...Text as well as the translator’s decision to overcome the problem of untranslatability since English and Indonesian have very different cultural concepts. This study was a data-driven study by using The Secret Garden’s novel written by Burnett (1911/2019) as the Source Text (ST) and its Indonesian translation by Kusumawardani (2020) (under the same title) as the Target Text (TT). The data were analyzed by using descriptive-mix-comparative methods that combined the theory of Newmark’s (1988) cultural terms categorization and Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures. As a result, to overcome the problem of cultural untranslatability, the translator frequently employs transference, naturalization, and notes procedures. From in-depth analysis, transference by retaining the SL’s cultures in the TL is used to avoid mistranslation because the lacks a formally corresponding feature. Naturalization is used by adapting the SL cultural-specific words to the TL's normal pronunciation and morphology because there are designation similarities in both the SL and the TL. Meanwhile, notes in the form of in-text annotations and footnotes were used to strengthen the translator's role by highlighting her in the translation results. Nevertheless, notes are commonly used in conjunction with naturalization to reduce strangeness, as leaving too many untranslatable cultural references weakens the translation result.
People speak different languages across the globe and belong to different cultures, but they still need to communicate. People of discrete cultures think differently and use various concepts and ...expressions across languages. Such differences appear in literature and are expressed through culture-specific items (CSIs). This study analyzes the CSIs in Al Shehhi’s أنا و العم سام /?na: wa l؟am sa:m/ (2016) and its English translation, ‘Uncle Sam & Myself’ (2017). The book was translated by Renaissance Translation and Businessmen Services. The analysis provides a comparison between the CSIs in the ST (Arabic) and their TT (English) translations. The analysis was theoretically tethered to Newmark’s (1988) classification of CSIs and the translation procedures he postulated. Throughout the analysis, it has been found that some CSIs are inaccurately translated due to the cultural differences between Arabic and English, the use of specific local Emirati expressions in the ST, and the misuse of some translation techniques, as represented in the overuse of invalid literal translations.
In this research, the writer attempts to find out the translation procedures in the translation of movie subtitle: Zootopia from English to Indonesian subtitle to determine the intended audience of ...the movie. The research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are the utterances or sentences in movie subtitle both English and Indonesian with the source of the data of this research is Zootopia movie. The writer used Indonesian subtitle from the site called subscene where the translators around the world could translate movies into many languages. The data collected by watching the movie with both English and Indonesian subtitles, and categorized the collected data based on each translation procedures of Newmark. The writer figured out that the intended audience is all ages group and the writer also found ten translation procedures used in the movie subtitle: Zootopia. The ten translation procedures are couplets, modulation, paraphrase, reduction, literal translation, cultural equivalent, transference, functional equivalent, naturalisation, transposition/shifts. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the intended audience of Zootopia movie is all ages group and there are ten from nineteen procedures are found in the movie subtitle: Zootopia.
The present paper carefully examines the translation of gender-neutral ‘firefighter’ into Arabic, as can be illustrated by the translations of 13 undergraduate students enrolled in an Advanced ...Translation course at Al-Quds University in the academic year 2023-2024. The approach we shall use is Majd Al-Najjar’s (1989) Arabicization techniques to render English signifiers into Arabic. The data of the study were extracted from the BBC in 2022 and alBosala News Agency in 2022. The aim is to draw a useful comparison between student translators and a full-fledged translator. The paper shows that the translation students fall prey to lexical and cultural incongruences existing between English and Arabic. The two languages are unrelated languages, so problems and difficulties in translation are expected to emerge. Both languages represent gender reality quite differently. The paper reveals that five procedures have been used to translate gender-neutral ‘firefighter’: (1) circumlocutionary verbal sentence whereby the English item is rendered in a roundabout way; (2) derivationality into noun of process, an active participle and passive participle; (3) a feminine term of address followed by firefighting verb conjugation; (4) feminine forms of active participle; (5) the addition of ‘woman’ to gender-neutral noun. The paper concludes that the translation of the gender-neutral noun ‘firefighter’ is possible despite the cultural and linguistic disparity between English and Arabic. Some implications have been made that would be conducive to better translator training.
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