Background: There is evidence that reducing blood glucose concentrations, inducing weight loss, and improving the lipid profile reduces cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes.Objective: ...We assessed the effect of various diets on glycemic control, lipids, and weight loss.Design: We conducted searches of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar to August 2011. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with interventions that lasted ≥6 mo that compared low-carbohydrate, vegetarian, vegan, low–glycemic index (GI), high-fiber, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets with control diets including low-fat, high-GI, American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and low-protein diets.Results: A total of 20 RCTs were included (n = 3073 included in final analyses across 3460 randomly assigned individuals). The low-carbohydrate, low-GI, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets all led to a greater improvement in glycemic control glycated hemoglobin reductions of −0.12% (P = 0.04), −0.14% (P = 0.008), −0.47% (P < 0.00001), and −0.28% (P < 0.00001), respectively compared with their respective control diets, with the largest effect size seen in the Mediterranean diet. Low-carbohydrate and Mediterranean diets led to greater weight loss −0.69 kg (P = 0.21) and −1.84 kg (P < 0.00001), respectively, with an increase in HDL seen in all diets except the high-protein diet.Conclusion: Low-carbohydrate, low-GI, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets are effective in improving various markers of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and should be considered in the overall strategy of diabetes management.
More and more people are changing their lifestyle to a vegan diet. On the one hand, a vegan diet can help reduce the risk of nutrition-related diseases, but on the other hand, the vegan diet itself ...poses the risk of malnutrition. Therefore, nutrient intake should be managed and any nutrient interactions should be considered. The aim of this paper is to work out a development strategy for a nutrition app for a vegan diet. With the help of a market analysis, unique selling proposition were identified and regulatory requirements have been determined. It could be shown that there is currently no adequate app that is approved as a medical device, focuses on the vegan diet and considers nutrient interactions. The necessary regulatory requirements could be identified. There are many apps available, but without medical device approval. From the authors' perspective, this would be necessary to ensure a high level of safety and health protection for users.
Abstract
More and more people are changing their lifestyle to a vegan diet. On the one hand, a vegan diet can help reduce the risk of nutrition-related diseases, but on the other hand, the vegan diet ...itself poses the risk of malnutrition. Therefore, nutrient intake should be managed and any nutrient interactions should be considered. The aim of this paper is to work out a development strategy for a nutrition app for a vegan diet. With the help of a market analysis, unique selling proposition were identified and regulatory requirements have been determined. It could be shown that there is currently no adequate app that is approved as a medical device, focuses on the vegan diet and considers nutrient interactions. The necessary regulatory requirements could be identified. There are many apps available, but without medical device approval. From the authors' perspective, this would be necessary to ensure a high level of safety and health protection for users.
Consumers’ growing demand for vegan products creates a need for new nutrient-dense products. Amaranth seeds are characterised as a nutritious product due to the content of proteins, fats, etc. ...Considering the high-quality fats and their amount in amaranth seeds, the aim of this study was to analyse the profile of fatty acids in amaranth pasta which was developed for a vegan diet. Seven samples: amaranth, amaranth-oat, and amaranth-buckwheat pasta in different ratios, were analysed in the study. The preparation of samples for analysis was carried out according to LVS EN ISO 6498:2012; fatty acid composition was determined using the GC/MS analytic method.
The highest total fat content was determined in the amaranth pasta – 5453.62 mg 100 g
of product, followed by the amaranth-oat pasta (85%/15%) – 4988.14 mg 100 g
of product and amaranth-oat pasta (70%/30%) – 4772.93 mg 100 g
of product. In the developed pasta samples, over 70% of total fat was unsaturated fatty acids and more than one-third of total fat was PUFA. The highest PUFA/SFA ratio was determined for amaranthoat pasta (70%/30%), amaranth-buckwheat pasta (85%/15%), and amaranth-buckwheat pasta (70%/30%). Quantitatively, the essential fatty acids were oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. The triterpene squalene was detected with a probability of 90% in all amaranth, amaranth-oat, and amaranth-buckwheat pasta samples. The developed pasta for a vegan diet contains good-quality fat.
The growing movement of veganism culture is drawing increasing scientific attention but falls short of an empirical investigation to examine antecedents and catalytic experiences for maintaining ...vegan diets. An integrated theoretical framework is proposed using the Theory of Planned Behaviour Model (TPB) and includes ethical concerns to investigate the interrelationships. Comparisons are also made by adopting the strength of high and low ethical catalytic experiences of each consumer group to identify moderating results. The proposed conceptual model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling from the responses of 478 vegan consumers. Results indicate that the TPB factors exert positive effects on the buying intention and ethical concerns mediate the relationship between attitudes and intention, as well as between PBC and intention, however, social norms did not impact ethical concerns.
While consumers experiencing high catalytic experience had no significance, low catalytic experience consumers showed an inverse significant moderating relationship on PBC and maintaining vegan diets. Whereas the relationship for ethical concerns influencing the intention to buy vegan foods was significant and positive for the high catalytic experienced consumer, but not significant for the low catalytic experienced consumer. The moderating results for social norms were not significant on ethical concerns for the high catalytic experienced consumer but were negatively significant for the low catalytic experienced consumers indicating that the effect of peer pressure increase, results in a decline for ethical considerations.
These findings offer strong theoretical and practical implications by contributing to the understanding of consumers’ behavioural intention to undertake vegan diets and extending our knowledge for formulating retail strategies to effectively tailor their offerings for this consumer segment.
•Theory of Planned Behaviour predicts vegan intention and behaviour.•Catalytic experiences play a moderating role to maintain vegan diets.•Buying intention mediates ethical concerns and maintaining vegan diets.•Veganism: Theory of Planned Behaviour, Ethical concerns and the Moderating Role of Catalytic Experiences.
Vegan diets are increasing in popularity and have beneficial effects on glycemia and blood lipids, but the evidence is inconclusive regarding their effect on blood pressure. The purpose of this study ...was to review the effect of vegan diets on blood pressure in adults.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov for records that compared a vegan diet with any less restrictive diet and reported pre- and postintervention systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts for randomized, controlled clinical trials in individuals ≥18 years of age and older. We used the PRISMA guidelines to select 11 clinical trials from 1673 records. Data synthesis was performed through a random-effects model.
The pooled data included 983 participants. Compared with less restrictive diets, a vegan diet did not result in a significant change in systolic (−1.33 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval CI, −3.50-0.84; P = .230) or diastolic (−1.21 mm Hg; 95% CI, −3.06-0.65; P = .203) blood pressure. A prespecified subgroup analysis of studies with baseline systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg revealed that a vegan diet resulted in a mean decrease in the systolic (−4.10 mm Hg; 95% CI, −8.14 to −0.06; P = .047) and diastolic (−4.01 mm Hg; 95% CI, −5.97 to −2.05; P = 0.000) blood pressures.
The changes in blood pressure induced by a vegan diet without caloric restrictions are comparable with those induced by dietary approaches recommended by medical societies and portion-controlled diets.
Resumen Introducción: la vitamina cobalamina es esencial para el buen funcionamiento del SNC, la hematopoyesis y la síntesis de ADN. Su déficit es frecuentemente secundario a la anemia perniciosa o a ...las dietas vegetarianas estrictas. Caso clínico: lactante varón de 18 meses con disminución del nivel de conciencia y trastorno del movimiento (temblor y movimientos coreiformes) de horas de duración. Como antecedentes, presenta retraso de la adquisición de los hitos motores (no bipedestación, lenguaje monosilábico) y pérdida progresiva de los mismos en las últimas semanas (sostén cefálico y sedestación). Alimentado mediante lactancia materna desde el nacimiento. La familia sigue una alimentación vegetariana. En las pruebas de neuroimagen, la TC y la RM craneales muestran atrofia supratentorial generalizada de ambas sustancias y de los ganglios basales. Se inicia tratamiento con vitamina B12 intramuscular, aumentando sus niveles. Posteriormente se procede a la diversificación alimentaria y la administración de cianocobalamina oral, con normalización clínica al cabo de 6 meses y radiológica al cabo de 7 meses. Discusión: recalcamos la importancia de la suplementación con B12 durante el embarazo y la lactancia tanto en la mujer como en el lactante..
Introduction
Recent studies show that a vegan diet causes a deficiency of vitamins (especially B12) and minerals. This can lead to severe physical and mental illnesses. On the other hand, the vegan ...diet is recommended as a preventative measure against cardiovascular diseases and is a growing trend among young people in developed countries for ideological reasons such as animal welfare and climate protection.
Objectives
To show the importance of anamnesis of nutrition and vitamin B12 status in treatment of varied mental and physical symptoms in an adolescent.
Methods
The poster shows the case study of an adolescent girl who sought psychological help for nightmares and symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as physical symptoms in the form of disturbed menstruation, fatigue and weakness, lethargy, dizziness, undifferentiated abdominal pain with nausea, and weight gain. All of which affected her academic success at university and daily functioning. An anamnesis showed that she has been following a vegetarian diet for 4 years and a vegan diet for two months.
Results
Laboratory tests showed a deficiency of vitamin B12 (130 pmol/L) and 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D(D3+D2) (47 nmol/l) and slightly elevated TSH levels (4,2x10-3 IU/L). These tests can explain the patient’s symptoms. Other laboratory results were in the normal range. A treatment with psychological therapy and vitamin supplements was commenced. Discussion reviews, among else, recent literature findings on correlation of vitamin B12 deficiency and a vegan diet.
Conclusions
Nutrition and vitamin B12 status should be investigated during anamnesis of adolescent patients presenting with varied mental and physical symptoms.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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