The Japanese government intends to discharge radioactive nuclear waste water from the Fukushima nuclear reactor into the Pacific Ocean, which will cause irreversible and catastrophic ocean ecological ...pollution. In response to this irresponsible practice, there are strong domestic and international objections. However, the Japanese government's decision to discharge has not been changed. This study uses evolutionary game theory to construct a game model of the optimal strategic behavior of the Japanese government, stakeholder countries, and the domestic public in the proposed nuclear waste water discharge and explores the stable equilibrium point of the strategy combination by analyzing the interests of the three decision makers. The results are shown as follows: first, the participation of stakeholder countries will prevent the Japanese government from violating the marine environmental policy. This will ensure a safe resolution of the nuclear waste water incident in Japan. Second, the participation of the Japanese public can serve as a synergistic regulation. However, there is also a possibility of a free-rider phenomenon. Third, the strategy choice of the Japanese government is mainly related to factors such as the cost of nuclear waste water treatment devices and the storage cost of nuclear waste water. Lastly, relevant countermeasures and recommendations are put forward to promote effective monitoring by stakeholder countries and domestic people. It also promotes the Japanese government to abide by the marine environmental policy. Studying the strategic choices of stakeholders can influence recommendations for the formulation of international marine environmental policies under the current situation.
Rapid urbanization processes and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastewaters are major causes for anthropogenic lake-sediment deposition and eutrophication. However, information about the spatial ...and temporal variation of macrophyte and phytoplankton distribution as indicators for water contamination is limited. To gain insights into the dynamics, we analyzed lake-cover changes of Bellandur and Varthur Lake in the S-Indian megacity of Bengaluru for the post-rainy seasons of the years 2002–2019. Supervised maximum likelihood classifications were conducted on 62 freely available, true-color satellite images in order to distinguish between macrophytes, algae, and free water surface. The image-derived results were verified by supervised classification and manual mapping of two simultaneously recorded multispectral satellite images (Sentinel-2 and WorldView-2). Seasonal interrelations between macrophytes and algae distribution were similar for both lakes. The increase in macrophyte cover during post-rainy season negatively correlated with algal abundance. Macrophyte expansion progressively suppressed algae development at both lakes, reflective of increasing eutrophication caused by on-going wastewater input. Seasonal variation in precipitation, wind direction, and temperature seemed to trigger intra-annual shifts of macrophytes and algae while similar macrophyte spread intensities during the post-monsoon season indicated independence of nutrient loads in the lake water.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to collaborate with environmental engineering and management making an effort to provide evidence for the irresponsible behavior of small business set up in north ...India with special reference to Aligarh City. Corporates have huge accountability for sustainable development, and they cannot overlook the major responsibilities which are lying on their shoulders. CSR is related to the concept of “doing good” but, beyond “doing good” businesses have the responsibility for “avoiding bad” to avoid corporate social irresponsibility (CSI), such as damaging the environment by polluting land, water and air, cheating customers, violating human rights, or doing any unethical practices.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, random groundwater samples were collected from “Aligarh Nagar Nigam” installed hand pumps from industrial influence areas of Aligarh during the month of October and November 2017. These samples were collected nearby small-scale metal plating industries plants. The samples analyzed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) Perkin Elmer PinAAcle 900 F, for Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr (Jahromi et al., 2007; Chen and Teo, 2001; Bidari et al., 2007; Land and Hoops, 1973; de Oliveira et al., 2016; Akoto et al., 2016). In addition, some other parameters also taken in this study and the results obtained are compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS).
Findings
These results of the study revealed that the penetration of heavy metals like Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn into the soil is found much higher than the permissible limit stated by the government. The concentrations of metals in groundwater found to be within limits, but some metals are exceeding the standard limits in few samples. Concentrations of these heavy metals Cr>Cu>Pb>Fe>Mn are exceeding standard limits, Zn found within permissible limits as per WHO and BIS standard. This result proves to be a means to an end for an irresponsible behavior toward the society and environment which leads to serious health and environmental hazards.
Research limitations/implications
The results are beneficial for data generation on various quality parameters of groundwater. The results of this study help in proper decision-making by concerned authorities to prevent, reduce toxic levels and begin to take steps for making water fit for drinking and other purposes. The research is limited in Aligarh City and other cities are like Kanpur, Noida and Ghaziabad are also tested by taking samples of water, as these cities are extensively captured by SME’s and large scale industries.
Practical implications
The results of this study have several implications for both governmental and non-governmental practice and policy development. As society expects positive attitudes of the businesses toward CSR activities and concern about the environment, businesses, institutions and governments should pay more attention to promote the initiative of environment safety to intensify their public concern. The small business unit must know about the serious health hazards of discharging the waste water in the open and therefore regular checking of heavy metal contamination in the groundwater in these areas is needed and use of contaminated water must be prevented to lessen the health risk caused by using the metal contaminated groundwater. The small-scale industries should follow the guidelines for proper disposal of wastewater discharge. The water treatment technology should involve and take possible steps to remove heavy metals contamination.
Originality/value
This study provides real data to municipality and other government offices which can be used as a benchmark to plan strict policy to prohibit the open discharge of wastewater by industries.
It is very important to know material flows of various substances for better understanding of the environmental impacts of the substances. The material flow of fluorine in the industrial use and the ...influence of the environmental regulation were investigated from a total point of view for trying to control the fluorine waste in environment. The waste water-Discharge standards of fluorine based on the law on water pollution prevention was reinforced from 15 mg/l to 8 mg/l in 2001. Almost 100% of fluorine was imported and 90% of it was fluorspar. Main users of fluorine in Japan were the steel industry and the chemical industry and over 90% of fluorine was consumed in both industries during the period investigated in this study. The amount of fluorine use in Japan decreased totally after reinforcement of waste water-Discharge standards due to the decrease of the steel industry use. Because most fluorine finally changes to slags as a by-product and they are target of reinforcement. On the other hand, fluoride compounds produced in the chemical industry are valuable products. Only the production of Chlorofluorocarbons was stopped to prevent a destruction of ozone layer. The drain management techniques of waste water containing fluorine were also discussed and a simple concept for the recycling of fluorine was proposed.
The increase in high-tech electronic development coupled with the economic boom in Taiwan in the 1990s, has led to the rapid establishment of high-tech parks. These parks were designated for ...promoting Taiwanese electronic industries and driving national economic development. To achieve the goal of continuous development and long-term competitive advantage of high-tech industries, the government has accelerated its plans to develop and construct high-tech parks by establishing a high-tech corridor in western Taiwan. Many countries (particularly in the developing world) are eager to follow the Taiwanese model of building public infrastructure to support development of the electronic industry. Nevertheless, this paper hopes to draw attention to the neglect of local environmental conditions, which may not always fit the fixed and enormous resource demand of high-tech park development. This paper analyzes the environmental disputes emerging from the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process of the third phase of the Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP), the latest high-tech park development in Taiwan, and explores their policy implication. It argues that standardized high-tech development procedures, which lack flexibility in terms of high natural resource demands, may negatively impact the complex, natural, and cyclic environment and agriculture surrounding a proposed development site. In light of this, we recommend policy reform to carefully examine environmental impacts with a holistic and preventive approach.
The Manzala Lagoon in Egypt's Nile Delta has become a sediment sink of reduced area and depth, with increased contaminant levels. Loss of much-needed fresh to brackish water reserves and decreased ...fish catches have serious ramifications. Herein, maps of temporal and regional sediment distributions in Manzala incorporate petrological and statistical analyses of 200 surficial and short core samples. These provide baseline information needed to help implement protection measures for this vital wetland. Four periods are considered: 1920s, 1940s, approximately 1965, and 1990. Important depositional changes between 1940s and approximately 1965 resulted from anthropogenic effects on this quasi-closed lagoon system, including industrial buildup, wetland conversion to agricultural land, and irrigation waterway development. Further modification from approximately 1965 to 1990 is associated with closure of the Aswan High Dam, continued construction of waterways that discharge waste water into lagoon margins, and marine incursion into the northern lagoon. If current practices continue, the lagoon could be reduced to about one-third of its present area by 2050 AD.
Reliable scheduling of storage water in connected dams of hydro system based on the prediction of inflow rate was investigated. The amount of storage water was predicted in all dams which were ...connected to the hydro system. An optimal time scheduling of waste water discharge was derived by an appropriate usage of the storage water in the dams of the hydro system. The proposed reliable scheduling of storage water was evaluated by using the actual data of Kawakami hydro system in Saga, Japan and gave satisfactory accuracy in predicting the water inflow and the storage water in connected dams. The proposed method was proved to be widely effective for reliable scheduling of storage water in connected dams of actual fields.
Ultra‐violet Spectrophotometry has been used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of water and wastewater in conjunction with appropriate signals and a deconvolution method. Application of this ...procedure with the use of a portable UV spectrophotometer was carried out to study treated wastewater discharge into a river. The data obtained were used to estimate dilution factors of polluted waters at different points of sampling. This simple and rapid methodology can be easily transposed with any PC‐controlled UV spectrophotometer including a multicomponent routine.
Anwendung der UV‐Spektrophotometrie zur Wasseruntersuchung in der Nähe von Kläranlagenabläufen
Die UV‐Spektrophotometrie in Verbindung mit einer Methode zur Spektrenentfaltung wurde zur qualitativen und quantitativen Analyse von Flußwasser‐ und Abwasserproben eingesetzt. Mit Hilfe eines tragbaren UV‐Spektrophotometers wurden an einem Fluß Vor‐Ort‐Untersuchungen in der Nähe eines Kläranlagenablaufs vorgenommen. Mit den erhaltenen Daten wurde der Verdünnungsgrad fur die Gewässerverunreinigungen an verschiedenen Probenahmestellen abgeschätzt. Das vorgestellte schnelle und einfache Verfahren läßt sich mit jedem PC‐gesteuerten UV‐Spektrophotometer durchführen, wenn ein Programm zur Vielkomponentenanalyse zur Verfügung steht.
The global discourse surrounding the Japanese government's decision to release wastewater resulting from one of the most catastrophic nuclear crises in human history into the ocean has sparked ...intense deliberation within the international community. It is thus observed that the release of Fukushima nuclear wastewater has triggered a series of legal disputes, particularly in China, which has taken a firm stance against this action. Within China's legal circles, there has been a spirited dialogue on strategies from both international and domestic aspects to protect marine governance outcomes and safeguard the interests of Chinese citizens and enterprises in response to this matter. Accordingly, this article examines various international directives governing nuclear wastewater discharge. It asserts that, given the anticipated legal conflicts related to marine governance, exclusive reliance on the international legal framework may prove inadequate for China's response. Consequently, in response to the adverse impact of Japan's nuclear wastewater discharge into the ocean by 2023, this article posits an alternative approach rooted in China's domestic legal system and the perspective of judicial proceedings. This approach underscores the importance of precisely and adaptively applying specific legal provisions governing nuclear wastewater discharge and compensation claims, both domestically and internationally. To this end, China's endeavors should prioritize the enhancement of regulations pertaining to nuclear wastewater discharge, along with the establishment of systems such as a public welfare fund and subrogation mechanisms. Moreover, it is advisable that China augments its judicial authentication system and public interest litigation system to ensure the effective implementation of these measures.
PDF
