The aim of the research was to determine the level and nature of risks occurring in the sign zone of indoor pools relating to required safety rules. The research was conducted at 29 ...facilities located in ten provinces. The method of qualitative field research was applied. It was found that at more than half of the examined indoor pools (51.7%) the A-8 prohibitory sign “jumping into water is prohibited” had the graphic form that was inconsistent with the binding provisions. The information signs: C-2 – “dangerous depth of water” and C-3 – “sudden drop” occurred only at 27.6% of examined facilities. Within the scope of non-legal signs – communicators it was found that there is no uniform manner of providing information. The symbols used is very diverse which causes chaos in the form of various markings. In order to improve the safety of persons using the indoor pools, activities aiming at developing and introducing uniform models of markings should be undertaken, which constitutes a necessary condition of full participation in modern physical culture.
Symbolic thought is what makes us human. Claude Lévi-Strauss stated that we can never know the genesis of symbolic thought, but in this powerful new study Alan Barnard argues that we can. Continuing ...the line of analysis initiated in Social Anthropology and Human Origins (Cambridge University Press, 2011), Genesis of Symbolic Thought applies ideas from social anthropology, old and new, to understand some of the areas also being explored in fields as diverse as archaeology, linguistics, genetics and neuroscience. Barnard aims to answer questions including: when and why did language come into being? What was the earliest religion? And what form did social organization take before humanity dispersed from the African continent? Rejecting the notion of hunter-gatherers as 'primitive', Barnard hails the great sophistication of the complex means of their linguistic and symbolic expression and places the possible origin of symbolic thought at as early as 130,000 years ago.
What is the point of graphic design? Is it advertising or is it art? What purpose does it serve in our society and culture? Malcolm Barnard explores how meaning and identity are at the core of every ...graphic design project and argues that the role and function of graphic design is, and always has been, communication. Drawing on a range of theoretical approaches including those of Derrida, Saussure, Foucault, and Barthes, and taking examples from advertising, magazines, illustration, website design, comics, greetings cards and packaging, Graphic Design as Communication looks at how graphic design contributes to the formation of social and cultural identities. Malcolm Barnard discusses the ways in which racial/ethnic groups, age groups and gender groups are represented in graphic design, as well as how images and texts communicate with different cultural groups. He also explores how graphic design relates to both European and American modernism, and its relevance to postmodernism and globalisation in the twenty-first century and asks why, when graphic design is such an integral part of our society and culture, it is not acknowledged and understood in the same way that art is.
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