The first part of this paper provides a theological and anthropological insight into Christian understanding of the relations between illness, sin, death and Christian salvation idea. The second part of the paper explains the foundation of the present sacramental Church practice with regard to the Jesus's relation to the sick and with regard to the actions taken by the Apostolic Church, as testified in the New Testament, especially in the Epistle of James (Jam 5, 14-15) and as expressed in the teaching of the Church. The third part of the paper emphasizes the therapeutic significance of the Sacrament of Anointing which is analysed through the speech on the sacrament effects which are: relief and spiritual strengthening, forgiveness of sins and preparation for death. In order to realize this "sacramental therapy" in pastoral practice, a certain type of diagnosis of the patient's spiritual condition is needed. Suitable preparation for the sacramental therapy, unified with faith and prayers, is needed as well.