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Swanson, James M; Elliott, Glen R; Greenhill, Laurence L; Wigal, Timothy; Arnold, L. Eugene; Vitiello, Benedetto; Hechtman, Lily; Epstein, Jeffery N; Pelham, William E; Abikoff, Howard B; Newcorn, Jeffrey H; Molina, Brooke S. G; Hinshaw, Stephen P; Wells, Karen C; Hoza, Betsy; Jensen, Peter S; Gibbons, Robert D; Hur, Kwan; Stehli, Annamarie; Davies, Mark; March, John S; Conners, C. Keith; Caron, Mark; Volkow, Nora D
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 08/2007, Volume: 46, Issue: 8Journal Article
Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis of stimulant medication effect on physical growth in the follow-up phase of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD. Method: Naturalistic subgroups were established based on patterns of treatment with stimulant medication at baseline, 14-, 24-, and 36-month assessments: not medicated (n = 65), newly medicated (n = 88), consistently medicated (n = 70), and inconsistently medicated (n = 147). Analysis of variance was used to evaluate effects of subgroup and assessment time on measures of relative size (z scores) obtained from growth norms. Results: The subgroup x assessment time interaction was significant for z height (p less than 0.005) and z weight (p less than 0.0001), due primarily to divergence of the newly medicated and the not medicated subgroups. These initially stimulant-naive subgroups had z scores significantly greater than 0 at baseline. The newly medicated subgroup showed decreases in relative size that reached asymptotes by the 36-month assessment, when this group showed average growth of 2.0 cm and 2.7 kg less than the not medicated subgroup, which showed slight increases in relative size. Conclusions: Stimulant-naive school-age children with Combined type attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were, as a group, larger than expected from norms before treatment but show stimulant-related decreases in growth rates after initiation of treatment, which appeared to reach asymptotes within 3 years without evidence of growth rebound. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.)
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