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Bienfait, Patrick
Karstologia, 1991, Volume: 17, Issue: 1Journal Article
The karstification started at the beginning of the Tertiary and the process is still going on today . During the Eocene, modifications brought about under the tropical climate resulted in siderolithic deposits (siliceous sands , ferruginous soils) which can be found in some fossile karsts. In the Oligocene, active tectonics modified the eocene surface. Erosion during the Miocene levelled the Jura mountains into a peneplain even though the climate remained tropical. Towards the end of the Miocene, present-day structure and landforms were produced when the main folding, subjected at the same time to powerful erosion, occurred. During the Upper Pleistocene the climate became cooler and wetter. At least two glacial periods have been recognized in the Pleistocene. Present-day karst landforms and most of the caves can be considered as being shaped during the Plio-Quaternary. The karst fillings of the Quaternary provide evidence of the extension of the Wiirm and Riss (glaciers) La karstification jurassienne débute dès la fin du Crétacé et le début du Tertiaire et se poursuit jusqu'à nos jours. A l'Eocène, les reliefs sont modestes et l'altération sous climat tropical engendre des dépôts sidérolithiques (sables siliceux, altérites ferrugineuses) que l'on retrouve dans des karsts fossiles (ex : Salève). A l'Oligocène, une tectonique active reprend la surface d'aplanissement chimique éocène. Au Miocène, l'érosion et l'altération aplanissent à nouveau le Jura en une pénéplaine alors que le climat demeure tropical. La tectonique fini-miocène est responsable des structures et reliefs actuels, et s'accompagne d'une puissante érosion. Au Plio-Quaternaire se mettent en place le modelé karstique actuel et la quasi totalité des cavités. Les remplissages karstiques quaternaires renseignent sur l'extension des glaciers du Wurm et du Riss.
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