Thioredoxins (Trxs) function within the antioxidant network through modulation of one or more redox reactions involved in oxidative-stress signaling. Given their function in regulating cellular redox, Trx proteins also fulfill key roles in plant immune signaling. Here, , encoding a subgroup member of the Trx family, was identified and cloned in wheat ( ), which was rapidly induced by f. sp. invasion and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. Overexpression of in tobacco ( ) induced programmed cell death. Silencing of in wheat enhanced susceptibility to f. sp. in different aspects, including reactive oxygen species accumulation and pathogen-responsive or -related gene expression. Herein, we observed that the cellular concentration of SA was significantly reduced in -silenced plants, indicating that possibly regulates wheat resistance to stripe rust through a SA-associated defense signaling pathway. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify TaTrxh1-interacting partners, we further show that interaction with TaCP1 (a RD19-like cysteine protease) and subsequent silencing of reduced wheat resistance to f. sp. . In total, the data presented herein demonstrate that enhances wheat resistance against f. sp. via SA-dependent resistance signaling and that TaTrxh1 interaction with TaCP1 is required for wheat resistance to stripe rust.Formula: see text Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.