We aimed to verify a recent theory that female donors reduced the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT). A total of 1118 recipients registered in the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society database were evaluated for HCC, of whom 446 received a graft from female donors (F-D group) and 672 from male donors (M-D group). Between the groups, donor age, recipient age and sex, positivity of hepatitis viruses, and graft type were different, whereas tumor-related factors were all comparable. The 5-year overall recurrence rates were 14% and 16% in the F-D and M-D groups, respectively (P = 0.59). The 5-year graft recurrence rate was also comparable between the groups (4% and 6%, respectively, P = 0.17). Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis identified donor sex as a significant risk factor for recurrence. Propensity score matching showed similar 5-year overall recurrence rates (15% in the F-D group and 14% in the M-D group, P = 0.63) and graft recurrence rates (5% and 5%, respectively, P = 0.94) between the groups. Donor sex did not affect post-LT recurrence of HCC in the Japanese cohort and should not be considered in the process of donor selection or organ allocation.