Unjárga/Nesseby municipality is located in the inner part of the Varanger fjord in eastern Finnmark. Combining reindeer herding, agriculture, coastal fisheries, hunting and gathering has been of fundamental importance to the population in this coastal Sámi community for centuries. Although today this combination of activities no longer provides the same level of livelihood sustenance in the municipality, natural resource based activities and different kinds of harvesting remain of great significance for the residents, as economic activities, for recreation and in people’s sense of belonging. This chapter looks at the interlinkages between maintaining and developing the important nature based industries of sheep farming and reindeer herding in Unjárga/Nesseby, and the locally experienced outcomes of global climate change. Consistent with the CAVIAR framework, we assess exposure-sensitivities and local adaptation strategies to changing conditions influencing these livelihoods. We present a preliminary analysis of the linkages between future climate trends and the adaptive capacity of the local animal husbandries. Our main focus is on the four recent years of extensive moth larvae outbreaks larvae from autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and winter moth (Operophtera brumata) that have resulted in widespread birch forest mortality in Unjárga/Nesseby municipality. The persistent moth larvae attacks are likely to be a result of a milder climate. As these alterations have radically changed the landscape, sheep farmers and reindeer herders in the community are introduced to new livelihood challenges, as well as opportunities.