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  • Kemijski sastav 40 sorti ja...
    Miljković, Ivo

    Pomologia Croatica, 08/2021, Volume: 24, Issue: 1-4
    Journal Article, Paper

    Na području Gornjeg Međimurja kultura jabuke ima dugu i slavnu tradiciju. U uzgoju je proširen velik broj domaćih i udomaćenih sorti. Tome su pridonijeli povoljni ekološki uvjeti i širenje sortimenta iz Republičkog voćno-loznog rasadnika Vukanovec. Za oplemenjivanje jabuke potrebno je imati bogatu germoplazmu i poznavati biološka i gospodarska svojstva sorti. U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja kemijskog sastava i kvalitete plodova 40 sorti. Istraživanja su obuhvatila: suhu tvar, topivu suhu tvar, ukupne šećere, ukupne kiseline, pH vrijednost i ocjenu kvalitete po Thiault indeksu. Od sorti su obuhvaćene: Ananas reneta, Baumanova reneta, Batulemka, Bijela zimska tafetica, Bjeličnik, Blenheimska, Bobovac, Boskoop, Božićnica, Cox's orange, Crvena jesenska rebrača, Danciška rebrača, Funtača, Golden Delicious, Gravenstein, Harbertova reneta, Jonathan, Kanadska reneta, Kaselska reneta, Krivopeteljka, Landzberška reneta, Laška trdika, London pepping, Ljepocvjetka, Mašanka, Ontario, Ovčji nos, Parker pepping, Ramburka, Red Delicious, Ribston pepping, Siva francuska reneta, Siva jesenska reneta, Starking, Stožerka, Šampanjska reneta, Šarlamovski, Zeleni štetinac, Zlatna zimska parmenka, i Željeznika. U odnosu na: suhu tvar (%), topivu suhu tvar (%), ukupne šećere (%), količinu kiseline (g/l) i Thiaultov indeks podijeljene su sorte u skupine. Najveću suhu tvar (iznad 17%) imaju sorte: Blenheimska, Boskoop, Harbertova reneta, Kanadska reneta, Parker pepping, Ribston pepping, Siva francuska reneta i Siva jesenska reneta. Najveću topivu suhu tvar (iznad 15%) imaju sorte: Baumanova reneta, Harbertova reneta, Kaselska reneta, Landzberška, Bobovac, Ljepocvjetka, Božićnica, Danciška rebrača i Batulemka. Najviše šećera (od 13 - 15%) sadrže sorte: Blenheimska, Siva jesenska reneta, Siva francuska, Ribston pepping, Parker pepping, Boskoop, Kanadska reneta, Harbertova reneta, Ljepocvjetka, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Golden Delicious i Mašanka. Najviše kiseline (preko 7 g/l) sadrže sorte: Bjeličnik, Ontario, Boskoop, Crvena jesenska rebrača, Kanadska reneta, Laška trdika, Mašanka i Stožerka. Najbolju kvalitetu (Thiault indeks iznad 170) imaju sorte: Ribston pepping, Siva jesenska reneta, Parker pepping, Boskoop, Siva francuska reneta, Kanadska reneta i Crvena jesenska rebrača. In the area Gornje Međimurje apple culture has a long and famous tradition. Growth has been extended to a large number of domestic and old fashioned varieties. This has contributed to favorable ecological conditions and the expansion of the variety from the Vukanovec republican fruit nursery. For apple breading it is necessary to have rich germplasm and to know the properties of varieties. The paper presents the results of the research of the chemical compositions of 40 varieties, including dry matter, soluble dry matter, total sugar, acidity, pH value and quality score of the Thiault index Among varieties are: Ananas Renette, Bauman's Renette, Batulemapfel, Belle Fleur, White Winter Tafetapfel, Yellow Transparent, Blenheimere, Grosse Rheinischer Bohnapfel, Boskoop, Roter Haslinger, Cox's Orange, Red Autumn Kantapfel, Danziger Kantapfel, Funtacha, Golden Delicious, Gravenstein, Harbert's Renette, Jonathan, Renette du Canada, Grosse Kaseler Renette, Rheinischer Krummstiel, Landzberger Renette, Laška Trdika, London Pepping, Steirische Maschanzker, Ontario, Schafsnase, Parker Pepping, Red Delicious, Ribston Pepping, Renette Grise Francaise, Renette Grise Automne, Geflamanter Kardinal, Rambur, Renette de Champagne, Željeznika, Reine de Reinette, Gruner Stettiner, Charlamowsky and Starking. The fruits of the following varieties have the highest content of dry matter (above 17%): Blenheimere, Boskoop, Harbert’s Renette, Renette du Canada, Parker Pepping, Ribston Pepping, Renette Grise Francaise, Renette Grise Automne. The fruits of the following varieties have the highest soluble dry matter (above 15%): Baunab’s Renette, Harbert’s Renette, Grosse Kaseler Renette, Landzberger Renette, Roter Haslinger, Danziger Kantapfel, and Batulemapfel. Highest amount of sugar (13 - 15%) contain fruits of varieties: Blenheimere, Renette Grise Automne, Ribston Pepping, Parker Pepping, Boskoop, Renette du Canada, Harbert’s Renette, Belle Fleur, Reine de Reinette, Golden Delicious, and Steirische Maschanzker. Most acids (over 7 g/l) contain varieties: Yellow Transparent, Boskoop, Red Autumn Kantapfel, Renette du Canada, Laška Trdika, Steirische Maschanzker and Geflamanter Kardinal. The varieties that have the best quality (Thiault index above 170) are: Ribston Pepping, Renette Grise d’Automne, Parker Pepping, Boskoop, Renette Grise Francaise, and Renette du Canada.