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  • Dinamika makrobiogenih elem...
    Dugalić, Krunoslav; Dropulić, Marko; Presečki, Tea; Andrišić, Milena; Zegnal, Ivana; Lacković, Sanela; Hefer, Hrvoje; Šimon, Silvio; Miljković, Ivo

    Pomologia Croatica, 03/2023, Volume: 26, Issue: 1-4
    Journal Article, Paper

    U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja dinamike: dušika, fosfora, kalija, kalcija i magnezija u listu i plodu tijekom perioda vegetacije u sorti Golden Delicious i Fuji, uzgojenih u gustom sklopu na podlozi M 9. Voćnjak je podignut na lesiviranom pseudogleju. Tlo je kisele reakcije, relativno slabo humozno, umjereno opskrbljeno fosforom i kalijem, a vrlo bogato magnezijem. Ravnoteža u hranidbi praćena je analizom omjera: N/K, N/Ca, K/Ca, ravnoteže i sume kationa u fazama: diobe stanica, izduživanja stanica i bubrenja stanica ploda. Na kraju velikog vala rasta mladica i mase plodova od 60 do 80 g ocjenjen je biljno hranidbeni kapacitet tla metodom folijarne dijagnoze i prognozirana mogućnost pojave fizioloških bolesti plodova na osnovi utvrđenog omjera N/K, N/Ca, K/Ca, i ravnoteže kationa u listu i plodu. Najviše: dušika, fosfora, kalija, kalcija i magnezija sadržavalo je lišće i plodovi na početku vegetacija. U lišću se smanjivala koncentracija: dušika, fosfora, kalija i magnezija, a povećava kalcija do kraja vegetacije. Značajno veću koncentraciju dušika sadrži lišće sorte Fuji od sorte Golden Delicious. Lišće sorte Golden Delicious sadržavalo je značajno veću koncentraciju kalija i kalcija od lišća sorte Fuji. Pod utjecajem sorte nisu utvrđene signifikantne razlike u koncentraciji fosfora i magnezija. U plodovima se do berbe smanjivala koncentracija: dušika, fosfora, kalija, kalcija i magnezija. U vrijeme kada su plodovi imali masu 60 do 80 g bila je koncentracija: makrobiogenih elemenata u granicama normalne opskrbljenosti. Koncentracija je bila u granici normale i u vrijeme berbe, osim za kalij koji je bio malo ispod granice. Pod utjecajem sorte nisu utvrđene statistički opravdane razlike. Utvrđena je statistički opravdana razlika između sorti za omjer K/Ca. The paper presents the results of multi-year research on the dynamics of: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the leaf and fruit during the growing season in the varieties Golden Delicious and Fuji, grown in high density planting on rootstock M 9. The orchard was raised on the pesudogley luvic soil. The soil is acidic, relatively weak in humus, moderately supplied with phosphorus and potassium, and very rich in magnesium. Nutritional balance is monitored by analyzing the ratios: K/Ca, N/K, N/Ca, balance and sum of cations in the phases of the growth of fruit: cell division, cell elongation and cell swelling. At the end of the big wave of vegetative growth of saplings and fruits weighing from 60 to 80 grams, the plant nutrition capacity of the soil was evaluated using the foliar diagnosis method and the possibility of the occurrence of physiological fruit diseases was predicted based on the determined ratio of K/Ca in the leaf and fruit. The genetic specificities of the mineral nutrition of the varieties were determined. The concentration of nitrogen and potassium gradually decreases from the beginning to the end of the growing season, while the concentration of phosphorus and magnesium is the same during the growing season. The leaves of the Fuji variety contain a significantly higher concentration of nitrogen than the Golden Delicious variety. The leaves of the Golden Delicious variety contained a significantly higher concentration of potassium and calcium than the leaves of the Fuji variety. Under the influence of the variety, no significant differences were found in the concentration of phosphorus and magnesium. The concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium decreased in the fruits until harvest. At the time when the fruits had a mass of 60 to 80 g, the concentration of: macrobiogenic elements was within the range of normal supply. The concentration was within the normal range at the time of harvest, except for potassium, which was slightly below the limit. Under the influence of the variety, no statistically justified differences were found. A statistically justified difference between varieties was found for the K/Ca ratio.