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Martinac Dorčić, Tamara; Smojver-Ažić, Sanja; Rončević Zubković, Barbara; Kolić-Vehovec, Svjetlana
Psihologijske teme, 12/2019, Volume: 28, Issue: 3Journal Article, Paper
Iako promatrači vršnjačkog nasilja aktivno ne sudjeluju u vršnjačkom nasilju, njihove reakcije mogu odigrati važnu ulogu u zaštiti žrtve. Cilj je rada ispitati u kojoj mjeri socijalne vještine, prepoznavanje primjerenih reakcija u situacijama vršnjačkog nasilja te samodjelotvornost i subjektivne norme vezane uz zaštitu žrtve mogu predvidjeti pomaganje žrtvi. U istraživanju su sudjelovali učenici od 12 do 14 godina (M = 12.69; SD = 0.72) iz deset europskih škola (Španjolske, Malte, Velike Britanije i Irske). Od početnog uzorka 359 učenika analizirani su odgovori 226 učenika (54.9% djevojčica) koji u situacijama vršnjačkog nasilja nisu bili žrtve i/ili nasilnici te su izjavili da u situacijama vršnjačkog nasilja nastoje pomoći žrtvi (70.8%) ili da u situacijama vršnjačkog nasilja ne čine ništa, ali smatraju da bi trebali pomoći (29.2%). Sudionici su ispunjavali online upitnik u školi, uz nadzor nastavnika. Upitnik se sastojao od niza skala, konstruiranih ili prilagođenih za potrebe ovog istraživanja kojima smo ispitali ciljane varijable: Upitnik nasilnik/žrtva, Skala empatije, Skala percipiranih socijalnih vještina, Skala samodjelotvornosti u zaštiti žrtve, Skala subjektivnih normi vezanih uz zaštitu žrtve te Upitnik primjerenosti reakcija u situaciji vršnjačkog nasilja. Doprinos promatranih varijabli u objašnjenju ponašanja pomaganja žrtvi ispitan je primjenom hijerarhijske logističke regresijske analize. Rezultati pokazuju da ispitane varijable u posljednjem koraku objašnjavaju između 18% i 25% varijance pomaganja žrtvi. Prepoznavanje primjerenosti reakcija u situacijama vršnjačkog nasilja (primjerenost asertivnih reakcija i neprimjerenost agresivnih i pasivnih reakcija) te samodjelotvornost u zaštiti žrtve značajni su pozitivni prediktori pomagačkog ponašanja. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na važnost prepoznavanja i osvještavanja primjerenih reakcija promatrača u kontekstu vršnjačkog nasilja te jačanja samodjelotvornosti s ciljem povećanja vjerojatnosti pomaganja žrtvi. Although bystanders do not actively participate in situations of peer violence, their reactions can play an important role in protecting the victim. Therefore, this paper aims to examine to what extent social skills, recognition of appropriate reactions in peer violence situations, and self-efficacy and subjective norms related to victim protection can predict the helping behaviour. Students aged 12 to 14 (M = 12.69; SD = 0.72) from ten European schools (from Spain, Malta, UK and Ireland) participated in the study. From the initial sample of 359 students, 226 students (54.9% of girls) stated that were exclusively bystanders in bullying situations (and not victims and/or bullies). In this paper, we have focused on two groups of bystanders: those who report that they are trying to help victims in situations of peer violence (70.8%) and those who do not do anything in situations of peer violence, but think that they should help the victim (29.2%). The participants filled out an on-line questionnaire with teachers' supervision. It consisted of a series of scales, constructed or adapted for the purpose of this research: Bully/victim questionnaire, Empathy scale, Social skills scale, Self-efficacy and subjective norm for protecting the victim scale, and Questionnaire about the appropriateness of reaction in a bullying situation. Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to check the contribution of studied variables in the prediction of helping behaviour. Results show that the examined variables explain between 18% and 25% of the variance in helping behaviour. Recognizing the appropriateness of reactions in peer violence situations (the appropriateness of the assertive, the inappropriateness of passive and aggressive reactions) and self-efficacy in victim protection are significant positive predictors of helping behaviour. The obtained results point to the importance of raising awareness of appropriate bystander reactions in situations of peer violence and enhancing self-efficacy to increase the likelihood of helping the victim.
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