Frozen-cooked noodles (FCN) and its components undergo quality changes during frozen storage, such as reduced textural and cooking qualities, weakened gluten network, and damaged starch properties; thus, storage condition is a critical factor affecting the final quality of FCN. In this study, in view of the thermoirreversible high-strength gel property (at ≥ 80 °C) of curdlan, strong hydrophilicity, and freeze-thawed stability of high-strength gel prepared from curdlan powder, the effect of curdlan on the quality of FCN during frozen storage was first evaluated. The results showed that curdlan was effective in reducing cooking loss, enhancing water absorption, and improving textural properties of FCN; the improving effect presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the amount of increasing curdlan (0.1%–0.9%); and the addition of 0.5% curdlan was most effective in improving the quality of FCN. Thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that curdlan enhanced thermal stability of FCN, implying curdlan could strengthen the gluten network. Meanwhile, structural observations revealed that, during frozen storage, FCN with added curdlan exhibited a more continuous and compact gluten network accompanied with more uniform and smaller ice crystals. Thus, curdlan is desirable to be used as a novel gum in FCN to provide specific functionality and minimize the negative effect of frozen storage. This study provides new insights into the quality improvement of FCN and further expands the application potential of curdlan in food industry. Display omitted •Curdlan improved the quality of frozen-cooked noodles (FCN) during frozen storage.•Curdlan enhanced the thermal stability of FCN during frozen storage.•Curdlan prevented ice crystals from growth and recrystallization of FCN.•The addition of curdlan contributed to strengthening gluten network of FCN.