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  • Transport and Acceleration ...
    Wang, Chih‐Ping; Wang, Xueyi; Lin, Yu

    Geophysical research letters, 16 August 2023, Volume: 50, Issue: 15
    Journal Article

    Based on the predictions of global 3D hybrid simulations, we present a new transport/acceleration path for escaped O+ ions in the upstream solar wind region resulting from the impact of a particular IMF tangential discontinuity (TD) with negative (positive) IMF Bz on the discontinuity's anti‐sunward (sunward) side. For O+ ions escaping to the duskside magnetosheath and with gyro‐radii larger than the TD thickness, when they encounter the TD, they can first go sunward into the upstream solar wind. They then gyrate clockwise to the pre‐noon side and get accelerated within the solar wind region and circulate back to the dawnside magnetosphere. These ions may be accelerated to well within the ring current energy range depending on the solar wind electric field strength. This new transport/acceleration path can bring some of the escaped ions into the inner magnetosphere, thus providing a new mechanism for generating an O+ ring current population. Plain Language Summary O+ ions in the magnetosphere only come from the Earth's ionosphere. For O+ ions escaping the magnetosphere, scientists have been treating them as being lost. Using simulations that can describe the O+ ion's kinetic dynamics, we find that, due to the impact of a particular solar wind structure, some escaped O+ ions can circulate back to the magnetosphere via a transport path in the upstream solar wind region and some of them can even enter the inner magnetosphere. Additionally, they are also energized by solar wind electric field and thus can contribute to the ring current population. Therefore, this study shows a new journey of escaped O+ ions. Key Points First global 3D hybrid simulations to investigate the fate of O+ ions after escaping the dayside magnetosphere New transport/acceleration path for escaped O+ ions in upstream solar wind region after impact of an IMF tangential discontinuity New transport/acceleration path brings some of escaped O+ ions back to the inner magnetosphere, contributing to O+ ring current pressure