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  • Liquid-Jet X‑ray Photoelect...
    Makowski, Michael J; Galhenage, Randima P; Langford, Joel; Hemminger, John C

    The journal of physical chemistry letters, 05/2016, Volume: 7, Issue: 9
    Journal Article

    Titania has attracted significant interest due to its broad catalytic applications, many of which involve titania nanoparticles in contact with aqueous electrolyte solutions. Understanding the titania nanoparticle/electrolyte interface is critical for the rational development of such systems. Here, we have employed liquid-jet ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) to investigate the solid/electrolyte interface of 20 nm diameter TiO2 nanoparticles in 0.1 M aqueous nitric acid solution. The Ti 2p line shape and absolute binding energy reflect a fully oxidized stoichiometric titania lattice. Further, by increasing the X-ray excitation energy, the difference in O 1s binding energies between that of liquid water (O 1sliq) and the titania lattice (O 1slat) oxygen was measured as a function of probe depth into the particles. The titania lattice, O 1slat, binding energy decreases by 250 meV when probing from the particle surface into the bulk. This is interpreted as downward band bending at the interface.