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  • Varijabilnost morfoloških s...
    Memišević Hodžić, Mirzeta; Ballian, Dalibor

    Šumarski list, 02/2023, Volume: 147, Issue: 1-2
    Journal Article, Paper

    Crna topola ( Populus nigra L.) je jedna od najznačajnijih europskih vrsta drveća koja nastanjuje aluvijalna staništa uz obale velikih rijeka. Danas je jedna od najugroženijih vrsta šumskog drveća zbog devastacije staništa, regulacije riječnih tokova, i pretjerane ekspolatacije, kao i unošenja alohtonih vrsta drveća s kojima je hibridizirala. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi varijabilnost morfoloških svojstava listova crne topole unutar i između klonova autohtonih populacija i hibrida, te između riječnih slivova u Bosni i Hercegovini, kako bi se učinkovitije pristupilo zaštiti i oplemenjivanju ove vrste.Istraživan je materijal iz klonskog arhiva crnih topola. Arhiv je osnovan 2005. godine u Žepču, od klonova sa 161 stabla autohtonih crnih topola iz 26 populacija širom Bosne i Hercegovine (iz slivova 6 rijeka) te 15 hibridnih vrsta topola. Mjereno je po 5 listova od svakoga klona, a uziman je peti list od vrha glavnog izbojka. Mjerenje je vršeno digitalnim pomičnim mjerilom sa preciznošću od 0.1mm i kutomjerom. Mjereni su: dužina plojke, širina plojke, dužina peteljke, ukupna dužina lista, ugao insercije prvog bočnog nerva i centralnog nerva, udaljenost između najšireg dijela lista i baze lista, broj zubaca u dužini od 1cm iznad najšireg dijela lista. Podaci su obrađeni korištenjem SPSS 26.0 i EXCEL-a, i to prema populacijama i prema slivovima rijeka.Analizom varijance utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih populacija, kao i između slivova rijeka, za sva istraživana svojstva. Najveću varijabilnost pokazalo je svojstvo dužine peteljke, a najmanju kut insercije prvog bočnog i centralnog nerva. Populacija dlakavih crnih topola Čapljina ima najmanje dimenzije listova i značajno odstupa u svim mjerenim svojstvima od ostalih. Najčešći broj zubaca na 1cm lisnog ruba je 4 zupca koji se pojavljuje na 38,3% listova. Ovo istraživanje daje mali uvid u morfološke karakteristike crnih topola u klonskom arhivu Žepče, te može predstavljati osnovu za daljnja istraživanja u cilju potpunijeg razumijevanja svojstava crnih topola potrebnih za uspješan nastavak rada na oplemenjivanju ove vrste. Black poplar ( Populus nigra L.) is one of the most important European tree species, inhabiting alluvial habitats along the banks of large rivers. Today, it is one of the most endangered species of forest trees due to habitat devastation, regulation of river flows, excessive exploitation, and the introduction of non-native tree species with which it hybridized. This study aims to determine the variability of ­morphological properties of black poplar leaves n Bosnia and Herzegovina, within and among ­populations, and among river basins. Material from the clonal archive of black poplars was researched. The archive was founded in 2005 in Žepče. It contains clones from 161 trees of indigenous black poplars from 26 populations throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the basins of 6 rivers) and 15 hybrid poplar species (table 1 and table 2).Ten leaves were collected from each clone by taking the fifth leaf from the top of the main shoot. Five leaves from each clone were measured. The measurement was performed with a digital movable scale with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and a protractor. The following traits were measured: leaf blade length, leaf blade width, petiole length, total leaf length, the angle between the first lateral nerve and central nerve, and distance from the leaf base to the widest part of the leaf. The number of teeth on one cm above the widest part of the leaf was counted. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 and EXCEL by populations and river basins.Analysis of variance revealed that there are statistically significant differences among the studied ­populations (table 4), as well as among river basins (table 7), for all investigated traits. The petiole length trait showed the highest variability, and the lowest variability had the insertion angle of the first lateral and central nerve (table 3). The clones of population of hairy black poplars Čapljina had the lowest values of leaf traits and differed significantly in all measured properties from the others. The most common number of teeth per 1 cm of leaf edge for all populations was four teeth (figure 2), which appeared on 38.3% of leaves.This research gives us a small insight into the morphological characteristics of black poplars in the clone archive Žepče and can be the basis for further researches of the traits of black poplars needed for a successful continuation of work on breeding this species.