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Slivac, Igor; Buljubašić, Ena; Gaurina Srček, Višnja; Srček, Marijan
Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam, 01/2021, Volume: 15, Issue: 3-4Journal Article
Gripa (ili influenca) je virusna, infektivna i respiratorna bolest koja godišnje zarazi do milijardu ljudi diljem svijeta. Pojavljuje se svake godine kao sezonska gripa, no u povijesti se svakih nekoliko desetaka godina javljala i kao pandemija. Njezin nepovoljan učinak na pojedinca i društvo može se spriječiti upotrebom cjepiva, tj. cijepljenjem. Prvo odobreno cjepivo protiv gripe proizvedeno je u embrioniranom kokošjem jajetu prije skoro 80 godina, a po sličnom tehnološkom načelu proizvode se i današnja cjepiva. Napredak u razumijevanju stanične biologije te unaprjeđenje proizvodnih postupaka pomoću kulture stanica omogućilo je stručnjacima prijelaz s konvencionalnih na nove, produktivnije i brže proizvodne postupke. U radu se najprije razmatra epidemiloški aspekt gripe, struktura virusa gripe, a zatim dosezi i izazovi u suvremenoj proizvodnji cjepiva protiv gripe. U završnom dijelu ističu se potrebe i trendovi u izradi univerzalnog cjepiva protiv gripe. Influenza (flu) is a viral, contagious, respiratory disease that annually infects up to a billion people worldwide. It appears each year as a seasonal flu, but through history, it appeared as pandemic illness once in every several decades. Its harmful effects on human health and consequently to the society can be prevented by vaccination. The first approved influenza vaccine was made almost 80 years ago using embryonated hen eggs and the same technology is still in use for most available vaccines today. The development of cell biology and improvement of cell culture manufacturing techniques enabled the transition from conventional to novel, more efficient vaccine production methods. In this work we describe the epidemiology of influenza, influenza virus structure as well as current influenza vaccine manufacturing approaches. A brief overview of universal vaccine development and its urgency is discussed in the final section of the paper.
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