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  • Occurrence, distribution, a...
    Zainuddin, Azim Haziq; Roslan, Muhammad Qusyairi Jori; Razak, Muhammad Raznisyafiq; Yusoff, Fatimah Md; Haron, Didi Erwandi Mohamad; Aris, Ahmad Zaharin

    Marine pollution bulletin, July 2023, 2023-Jul, 2023-07-00, 20230701, Volume: 192
    Journal Article

    Bisphenol analogues are prevalent globally because of rampant usage and imprecise processing techniques, prompting alerts about environmental and health hazards. The method employed in this study by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) for both quantification and qualitative analysis of the bisphenol compounds in the surface water samples. The coastal and estuarine surface water of Port Dickson and Lukut ranges from 1.32 ng/L to 1890.51 ng/L of bisphenol analogues. BPF mean concentration at 1143.88 ng/L is the highest, followed by BPA and BPS at 59.01 ng/L and 10.96 ng/L, respectively. Based on RQm for bisphenol analogues, the highest for BPF at 2.49 (RQ > 1, high risk), followed by BPS at 0.12 (0.1 < RQ < 1, medium risk) and BPA at 0.09 (0.1 < RQ < 1, medium risk). The presence and current risk of bisphenols analogues should alert the possible water quality degradation soon. •Bisphenols analogues present in marine ecosystems.•BPF mean concentration at 1143.88 ng/L is the highest.•BPA is the highest frequency detected in marine ecosystems.•BPF is the most ecologically high risk compared to BPA and BPS.