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Ford, Adam T.; Goheen, Jacob R.; Otieno, Tobias O.; Bidner, Laura; Isbell, Lynne A.; Palmer, Todd M.; Ward, David; Woodroffe, Rosie; Pringle, Robert M.
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 10/2014, Volume: 346, Issue: 6207Journal Article
Understanding how predation risk and plant defenses interactively shape plant distributions is a core challenge in ecology. By combining global positioning system telemetry of an abundant antelope (impala) and its main predators (leopards and wild dogs) with a series of manipulative field experiments, we showed that herbivores’ risk-avoidance behavior and plants’ antiherbivore defenses interact to determine tree distributions in an African savanna.Well-defended thorny Acacia trees (A. etbaica) were abundant in low-risk areas where impala aggregated but rare in high-risk areas that impala avoided. In contrast, poorly defended trees (A. brevispica) were more abundant in high- than in low-risk areas. Our results suggest that plants can persist in landscapes characterized by intense herbivory, either by defending themselves or by thriving in risky areas where carnivores hunt.
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