Context: Infant feeding practices are influenced by maternal factors. Objective: The aim of this review is to examine the associations between maternal weight status or dietary characteristics and breastfeeding or complementary feeding. Data Sources: A systematic literature search of the Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was performed. Study Selection: Interventional and cohort studies in healthy mothers and infants that reported on maternal weight status, diet, or supplement use were selected. Data Extraction: Outcomes assessed included delayed onset of lactogenesis; initiation, exclusivity, duration, and cessation of breastfeeding; and timing of complementary feeding. Data Analysis: Eighty-one studies were included. Maternal underweight, diet, and supplement use were not associated with infant feeding practices. Obese women had a relative risk of failure to initiate breastfeeding (risk ratio RR = 1.23; 95%CI, 1.03–1.47) and a delayed onset of lactogenesis (RR  =  2.06; 95%CI, 1.18–3.61). The RR for breastfeeding cessation was 1.11 (95%CI, 1.07–1.15) per increase in category of body mass index. Conclusions: Prevention of obesity in women of reproductive age, as well as counseling of obese women after delivery, could be targeted to improve infant feeding practices.