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Chen, Yuxin; Chen, Lin; Yin, Shengxia; Tao, Yue; Zhu, Liguo; Tong, Xin; Mao, Minxin; Li, Ming; Wan, Yawen; Ni, Jun; Ji, Xiaoyun; Dong, Xianchi; Li, Jie; Huang, Rui; Shen, Ya; Shen, Han; Bao, Changjun; Wu, Chao
Emerging microbes & infections, 12/2022, Volume: 11, Issue: 1Journal Article
The waning humoral immunity and emerging contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants resulted in the necessity of the booster vaccination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The inactivated vaccine, CoronaVac, is the most widely supplied COVID-19 vaccine globally. Whether the CoronaVac booster elicited adaptive responses that cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) among 77 healthy subjects receiving the third dose of CoronaVac were explored. After the boost, remarkable elevated spike-specific IgG and IgA responses, as well as boosted neutralization activities, were observed, despite 3.0-fold and 5.9-fold reduced neutralization activities against Delta and Omicron strains compared to that of the ancestral strain. Furthermore, the booster dose induced potent B cells and memory B cells that cross-bound receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins derived from VoCs, while Delta and Omicron RBD-specific memory B cell recognitions were reduced by 2.7-fold and 4.2-fold compared to that of ancestral strain, respectively. Consistently, spike-specific circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) significantly increased and remained stable after the boost, with a predominant expansion towards cTfh17 subpopulations. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells peaked and sustained after the booster. Notably, CD4 + and CD8 + T cell recognition of VoC spike was largely preserved compared to the ancestral strain. Individuals without generating Delta or Omicron neutralization activities had comparable levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells responses as those with detectable neutralizing activities. Our study demonstrated that the CoronaVac booster induced broad and potent adaptive immune responses that could be effective in controlling SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants.
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