Ceramic equilibrium phase diagrams have proven to be difficult to produce for materials above 1500 °C, We demonstrate that in-situ X-ray powder diffraction on laser-heated, levitated samples can be used to elucidate phase diagrams up to 3000 °C. In these experiments, solid spherical samples were suspended and rotated by a gas stream through a conical nozzle levitator, heated by a 400 W CO2 laser at beamline 6-ID-D of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA. X-ray diffraction patterns suitable for Rietveld refinement were collected at 100 °C temperature intervals and were used to determine the phase fields of phases present. The temperature of each phase was determined based on thermal expansion data collected by powder diffraction in conjunction with the Quadrupole Lamp Furnace (QLF) at beamline 33-BM-C of the Advanced Photon Source. The liquidus temperatures were determined from levitation and laser heated recoalescence experiments. The crystal structures of new phases were solved using the charge flipping method from powder diffraction data. The HfO2-Ta2O5 binary was investigated as an example system due to its high melting points and application in refractories and electronics.