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  • Atomically thin micas as pr...
    Mogg, L; Hao, G-P; Zhang, S; Bacaksiz, C; Zou, Y-C; Haigh, S J; Peeters, F M; Geim, A K; Lozada-Hidalgo, M

    Nature nanotechnology, 10/2019, Volume: 14, Issue: 10
    Journal Article

    Monolayers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are highly permeable to thermal protons . For thicker two-dimensional (2D) materials, proton conductivity diminishes exponentially, so that, for example, monolayer MoS that is just three atoms thick is completely impermeable to protons . This seemed to suggest that only one-atom-thick crystals could be used as proton-conducting membranes. Here, we show that few-layer micas that are rather thick on the atomic scale become excellent proton conductors if native cations are ion-exchanged for protons. Their areal conductivity exceeds that of graphene and hBN by one to two orders of magnitude. Importantly, ion-exchanged 2D micas exhibit this high conductivity inside the infamous gap for proton-conducting materials , which extends from ∼100 °C to 500 °C. Areal conductivity of proton-exchanged monolayer micas can reach above 100 S cm at 500 °C, well above the current requirements for the industry roadmap . We attribute the fast proton permeation to ~5-Å-wide tubular channels that perforate micas' crystal structure, which, after ion exchange, contain only hydroxyl groups inside. Our work indicates that there could be other 2D crystals with similar nanometre-scale channels, which could help close the materials gap in proton-conducting applications.