When compared to the age-matched healthy controls, the remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients demonstrated significantly different patterns of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity in a range of brain areas, as revealed by Bao et al. using diffusion tensor imaging, suggesting demyelination and axonal injury in RRMS patients even in some normal-appearing white matter regions. ...Liu et al. applied chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to Alzheimer's disease (AD), revealing higher glutamate concentration in AD mice than in wild type of the same age. With incremental clinical values revealed and validated by histological studies and with integrated development in both acquisition technology and AI-based image interpretation, the studies in this Research Topic have shed light on the potential clinical impacts of multiparametric MRI.