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  • Are Environmental DNA Metho...
    Sepulveda, Adam J.; Nelson, Nanette M.; Jerde, Christopher L.; Luikart, Gordon

    Trends in ecology & evolution (Amsterdam), 08/2020, Volume: 35, Issue: 8
    Journal Article

    Multiple studies have demonstrated environmental (e)DNA detections of rare and invasive species. However, invasive species managers struggle with using eDNA results because detections might not indicate species presence. We evaluated whether eDNA methods have matured to a point where they can be widely applied to aquatic invasive species management. We have found that eDNA methods meet legal standards for being admissible as evidence in most courts, suggesting eDNA method reliability is not the problem. Rather, we suggest the interface between results and management needs attention since there are few tools for integrating uncertainty into decision-making. Solutions include decision-support trees based on molecular best practices that integrate the temporal and spatial trends in eDNA positives relative to human risk tolerance. We consider whether eDNA methods have matured to a point where they can go from research to widespread application and be incorporated into aquatic invasive species management.Under the Daubert standard of scientific evidence, eDNA is arguably a sufficiently mature and reliable technique.However, invasive species managers struggle with using eDNA since it is uncertain if detections indicate species presence and the costs of acting can be high.eDNA based, decision support tools for invasive species management are lacking.Manuals on best practices, decision support trees for the interpretation of results, education and training of managers and stakeholders, and communication protocols are necessary outputs before widespread incorporation of eDNA into invasive species management.Many of these outputs are coming into place, which will allow eDNA to better support invasive species management.