Key message Increasing environmental pressures appearing over the last few years have led to important changes in the field of wood protection. In this context , new technologies , based either on thermal or chemical modifications , suggest increasing interest in prospect of programmed ban of biocide products . • Context The evolution of the regulations on the use of biocide products has led to important changes in the field of wood preservation, leading to an increasing interest for non-biocide treatments like thermal or chemical modifications to face to the programmed ban of biocide products. • Aims The paper reviews the different non-biocide alternatives developed currently on an industrial scale, highlighting their main characteristics and applications. • Results Different treatments have been developed on an industrial scale involving mainly thermal modifications and acetylation, furfurylation and DMDHEU constituting already available solutions. • Conclusion Different non-biocide alternatives already exist and will become more important in the next decades due to the increasing legislative pressure driven by environmental considerations.