With mobile phones becoming central parts of our lives, mobile technology gets criticized for its negative impact on people's well-being. Studies generally report negative associations between mobile phone use (MPU) and well-being. However, few studies contrast the relationship of MPU with different concepts of positive psychology. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MPU and different concepts of positive psychology: life satisfaction, well-being, and mindfulness. Data from 461 German speaking participants answering an online-questionnaire were analyzed. Overall, results suggest that participants who use their mobile phones more often report lower well-being, life satisfaction, and mindfulness scores. Furthermore, results imply that the relationships between positive psychology concepts and MPU differ between men and women. Results indicate that MPU and its associations with concepts of positive psychology are relevant areas for research and deserve more attention. •Mobile phone use is negatively correlated with well-being, life satisfaction, and mindfulness.•Well-being and mindfulness are significant predictors of mobile phone use.•For men, well-being is a mediator of the association between mindfulness and mobile phone use.•For women, mindfulness has a direct relationship with mobile phone use.