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Maddux, Aline B; Young, Cameron C; Kucukak, Suden; Zambrano, Laura D; Newhams, Margaret M; Rollins, Caitlin K; Halasa, Natasha B; Gertz, Shira J; Mack, Elizabeth H; Schwartz, Stephanie; Kong, Michele; Loftis, Laura L; Irby, Katherine; Rowan, Courtney M; Tarquinio, Keiko M; Zinter, Matt S; Crandall, Hillary; Cvijanovich, Natalie Z; Schuster, Jennifer E; Fitzgerald, Julie C; Staat, Mary A; Hobbs, Charlotte V; Nofziger, Ryan A; Shein, Steven; Flori, Heidi; Cullimore, Melissa L; Chatani, Brandon M; Levy, Emily R; Typpo, Katri V; Hume, Janet R; Campbell, Angela P; Randolph, Adrienne G
Frontiers in pediatrics, 10/2023, Volume: 11Journal Article
To identify risk factors for persistent impairments after pediatric hospitalization for acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Across 25 U.S. Network hospitals, we conducted a prospective cohort study of patients <21-years-old hospitalized for acute COVID-19 or MIS-C (May 2020 to March 2022) surveyed 2- to 4-months post-admission. Multivariable regression was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 232 children with acute COVID-19, 71 (30.6%) had persistent symptoms and 50 (21.6%) had activity impairments at follow-up; for MIS-C ( = 241), 56 (23.2%) had persistent symptoms and 58 (24.1%) had activity impairments. In adjusted analyses of patients with acute COVID-19, receipt of mechanical ventilation was associated with persistent symptoms aRR 1.83 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.13) whereas obesity aRR 2.18 (95% CI: 1.05, 4.51) and greater organ system involvement aRR 1.35 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.61) were associated with activity impairment. For patients with MIS-C, having a pre-existing respiratory condition was associated with persistent symptoms aRR 3.04 (95% CI: 1.70, 5.41) whereas obesity aRR 1.86 (95% CI: 1.09, 3.15) and greater organ system involvement aRR 1.26 (1.00, 1.58) were associated with activity impairments. Among patients hospitalized, nearly one in three hospitalized with acute COVID-19 and one in four hospitalized with MIS-C had persistent impairments for ≥2 months post-hospitalization. Persistent impairments were associated with more severe illness and underlying health conditions, identifying populations to target for follow-up.
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