M. Ye, S. B. Peng and Y. Li. Obsahuje bibliografii To explore the natural variation in leaf photosynthesis and investigate its relations with leaf nitrogen (N) status, 121 rice cultivars were pot-grown and their leaf photosynthetic rate (PN) and N content were measured on the flag leaves at heading stage before anthesis. The results showed that there were substantial natural variations in PN, leaf N content based on leaf area and leaf mass, and photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE). PN ranged between 15.4 and 32.6 μmol m-2 s-1; PN and PNUE of four widely grown cultivars in China were significantly lower than PN and PNUE of the cultivar Nancay PA, which possessed the highest values for PN and PNUE. Moreover, PNUE was positively related to PN across cultivars, the high PNUE was related to high stomatal conductance, high transpiration, and low leaf mass per area. We concluded that intraspecific variation in PNUE is positively related to PN in rice plants.