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Laura Sancho Rocher
Circe de clásicos y modernos, 12/2011, Volume: 15, Issue: 2Journal Article
La mayor parte de la crítica actual coincide en que en la práctica política griega de la democracia no existió algo parecido a la idea moderna de los derechos del individuo. Nos cuestionamos en este ensayo si, como en la época moderna, la democracia clásica estuvo precedida o acompañada del desarrollo de la noción de un derecho natural, común al género humano y basado en la natural igualdad en dignidad de los individuos. Por ello hacemos una lectura del pensamiento de filósofos y teóricos de finales del s. VI y s. V a.C. que expusieran alguna versión del progreso humano o del contrato social, o bien que analizaran el desarrollo de la realidad política en base a la antítesis νόμος-φύσις. Así como en la realidad de la democracia ateniense no es posible captar la existencia de las garantías individuales previas y por encima del poder del δῆμος, tampoco existe un pensamiento liberal griego que hubiera podido servir de base a esa definición legal.Nowadays, the vast majority of scholars agree that in the Greek democracy there was never something analogous to the modern concept of human rights. This essay examines whether classical democracy was, as in the Modern Age, preceded or accompanied by the development of the notion of natural law, common to all mankind and based on dignity's natural equality among individuals. The pages that follow investigate texts by some VI-V B.C. philosophers and theoreticians that either show some evidence of an account of human progress or an outline of the hypothetical idea of the social contract, or that analysed the political development on the basis of the νόμος-φύσις anthithesis. It's impossible to find the existence of individual guarantees in Athenian democracy previous and above the power of the δῆμος and, in the same way, there existed no Greek liberal thought that could have served as basis for that legal definition.
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