Japanese perceptions of small states in transition
Momose, Hiroshi
The concept of the Small State, which rejects any easy generalisation, is not wedded to any particular analytical tool. It could rather be an object of analysis in the light of which the features of ...respective societies would stand out. On the basis of this hypothesis, the author discusses changing self-portraits of the Japanese nation over time. Through the ancient and middle ages, the Japanese had defined their own country as a small state remote from the centre of civilisation. The situation changed suddenly towards the end of the 16th century, when a usurper of power, armed with European guns, appeared and attempted to conquer Korea and China. During the three hundred years which followed the defeat, the self-portrait of a small and remote country was revived only to be challenged by patriotism which roseup under the threat of Western Powers. When it joined the Western State System around 1868, Japan was at a cross-roads in its self-portrait. However, it did not take much time before the ruling circles of Japan chose the Prussian Way of creating a strong power, while a small number of intellectuals protested against militarism by advocating the idea of small and peaceful country. The defeat of Japan in the Second World War, which shaped the destiny of the Japanese Empire, brought about a revival of Small States ideas, which prevailed in post-war with Japan renouncing war in its newConstitution of 1947. With 1955 as a watershed, however, Japan was on its way to being an economic Great Power, during which time the Japanese idea of Small State apparently underwent further changes in its discussion of decentralisation and/or the problem of Okinawa. The author concludes his discussion by mentioning that Small State - Great Power self-portraits have appeared in circles in the Japanese history, though history never repeats itself in the strictest sense of the words.
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