Zdravstvena ogroženost zaradi osiromašenega urana = Health risks of depleted uranium
Črnivec, Rajko
Adverse health effects of depleted uranium (DU) were studied in a small group of U.S. Gulf War veterans (n = 50) exposed to DU in a "friendlyfire incident" in 1999. The subjects were evaluated by ...periodical medical examinations including determination of uranium levels in the urine, blood tests, urinalysis, reproductive health assessment, neurocognitive assessment and genotoxicity tests. DU-exposed Gulf War veterans with retained shrapnel fragments in their bodies excreted elevated uranium levels in the urine for eight years after their first exposure (0.018 to 39.1 microg/g creatinine in DU-exposed subjects with embedded shrapnel fragments versus 0.002 to 0.231 microg/g creatinine in DU-exposed subjects without fragments). The persistenceof increased urine uranium levels is due to DU release from the retained shrapnel fragment, and indicates chronical exposure to ionizing radiation. Other laboratory investigations, including renal function tests, were within the range of normal. Neurocognitive assessment revealed only subtle differences between the subjects with high DU exposure and those with low DU exposure. The freguency of sister chromatid exchange due to mutation inperipheral lymphocytes was higher in the high DU exposure group (6.35 sisterchromatid exchanges/cell vs. 5.52 sister chromatid exchanges/cell; P = 0.03). The observed health risks of exposure to DU seems to be related to mutagenic effects and mild disturbances in the CNS function. In conclusion, the results suggest that exposure to DU presents chemical rather than radiological hazards.
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