Pomen tipizacijskih postopkov v bakteriologiji za odkrivanje novih epidemičnih sevov = The importance of typing methods in bacteriology for the detection of new epidemic strains
Müller-Premru, Manica ; Špik, Vesna, 1976-
Typing involves the differentiation of microorganisms within a species to individual strains according to their phenotypic and genotypic differences. Together with epidemiologic and clinical data, ...bacterial typing is useful for the study of epidemics caused by new epidemic strains outside hospitals (e. g.community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori) and inside hospitals (including those with resistant bacteria). Phenotypic and genotypic methods can be used. Phenotypic methods include biotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, serotyping and phage typing, while genotypic methods are employed to analyze the bacterial genome (plasmids, chromosomal DNA). The most useful ones among the latter are macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and typing methods based on polymerase chain reaction. In some bacteria, sequencing of variable regions of a single gene (e. g. S. aureus spa typing) is also undergoing evaluation. Recently, multilocus sequence typing in which genes are sequenced is becoming more accessible. For very virulent bacteria, typing can be accompanied by toxin or toxin gene detection (e. g. luhS-luhF genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin). The suitability of typing methods for typing of certain bacterial species is empirically established. The results of typing help us study the sources and spreading of certain clones locally, within the country and in a broader region, i. e. in the study of strain relatedness and in planning infection prevention.
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