Imunost pri okužbah z legionelo = Immunity of legionella infection
Terčelj-Zorman, Marjeta
Legionella pneumophila, which causes legionnaires' disease, is a gram-negative bacillus, requiring special nutrient media. Legionella pneumophilais a fast, intracellularly in vivo growing bacteria, ...mainly within macrophages and other phagocytes. legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous opportunistic bacterium capable of causing severe infection, especially in immunosupressed patients. Having entered the respiratory system, Legionella pneumophila adheres to alveolar macrophages and multiplies within, while only a minor proportion of the bacteria is destroyed in the process. There is humoral response with specific antibodies during the first days. The macrophages eventually dissolve and the multiplied bacteria are released into the alveolar space. The extracellular bacteria, or their parts, cause a redeployment of polimorphonuclears from the circulation and the emergence of specific antibodies. Humoral antibodies develop readily in response to these bacteria not only in infected patients but also in persons who have had subclinical exposure. The serum titers of specific immunoglogulins may rise quite high in earlly convalescence after Legionella infection. The host defense mechanism against Legionellais cellular immunity, based on lymphocytesas well as on the emergence of cytokines, which in turn activate macrophages. It seems that often macrophages, the killer cells, are the most important mechanisms of infection control. A vaccine prepared from dead Legionella also activates cellular immunity, and thus resistance to infection.Research has shown that macrophage resistance and sensitivity to infection are, to a high degree, genetically determined. Legionella may merelycause as severe infection in immunocompromised patients, as do other ubiquitous opportunistic microorganisms.(Abstract truncated at 2000 characters)
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